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Over Half of Indians Rely on Social Media for News: Reuters Institute Report

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A recent Reuters Institute Digital News Report 2024 reveals that over 50% of Indians rely on social media platforms like YouTube and WhatsApp for news. The report highlights a global decline in trust toward mainstream news brands and an increase in news avoidance and feelings of being overwhelmed by the sheer volume of content. The survey, conducted across six continents and 47 markets, notes that while platforms like YouTube (54%) and WhatsApp (48%) are increasingly preferred for news in India, Facebook and X (formerly Twitter) are losing popularity. The report also underscores a worldwide decline in Facebook’s news consumption, dropping by 4% in the past year. The study identifies a global shift in news consumption habits, with younger audiences favoring short video formats. Platforms such as TikTok and YouTube are emerging as key sources, while traditional publishers face challenges in monetization and audience engagement. Two-thirds of respondents globally expressed a preference for short news videos over long formats. The report also sheds light on the growing role of influencers, commentators, and independent creators as trusted sources of information, particularly on platforms like YouTube and TikTok. However, traditional journalists still retain credibility on networks such as Facebook and X. A major concern revealed in the report is the rise in misinformation. Globally, 59% of respondents expressed concerns about distinguishing real from fake news online, with platforms like TikTok and X being flagged for hosting misinformation, including “deep fake” content. Globally, trust in news is alarmingly low, with only 40% of respondents saying they trust the news they consume. In contrast, Finland leads with a 69% trust rate, while Greece and Hungary lag at just 23%. The report also highlights financial challenges for journalism, as fewer people are willing to pay for news. Only 17% of respondents in richer nations reported paying for an online news subscription, with significant discounts influencing those who do. Adding to the pressure on sustainable journalism are technological disruptions, including the growing influence of AI. The report warns that AI tools may flood the media landscape with low-quality, synthetic content, further eroding trust and interest in news. The findings point to a critical juncture for global journalism, with calls for innovation and trust-building amid the shifting dynamics of news consumption. Source: The Wire Photo Credit: The Wire

Guardian Confirms Sale of The Observer to Tortoise Media, Ending 30-Year Ownership

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The owner of The Guardian newspaper, the Scott Trust, confirmed on Wednesday, December 18, 2024, that it has sold The Observer, the world’s oldest Sunday newspaper, to Tortoise Media for an undisclosed amount. The deal marks a significant shift in the British media landscape, as The Observer, founded in 1791 and a part of the Guardian Media Group (GMG) since 1993, moves into new hands. Tortoise Media, founded in 2019 by former The Times editor James Harding and ex-U.S. ambassador to London Matthew Barzun, acquired The Observer through a combination of cash and shares. As part of the deal, Tortoise Media has committed to a five-year commercial agreement with GMG, covering print, distribution, and marketing services, with the Scott Trust also taking a 9% stake in the company. The Trust will invest 5 million pounds into Tortoise Media as part of a 25 million-pound investment. “This deal secures fresh investment and ideas for The Observer, ensuring its relevance for new audiences and reinforcing its commitment to liberal journalism,” said Ole Jacob Sunde, chair of the Scott Trust. Additionally, Lucy Rock has been appointed the first female print editor of The Observer in 100 years. Rock, who will oversee the newspaper’s print version alongside a digital editor, will report to Harding, who will serve as the paper’s editor-in-chief. This leadership shift comes as The Observer looks to build a stronger online presence and expand its digital brand. The sale has faced opposition within the Guardian Media Group, culminating in a 48-hour strike earlier this month by journalists protesting the move. Source: The Hindu Photo Credit: The Hindu

Billionaires Aim to Restore Trust in US News Media

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Tech billionaires Patrick Soon-Shiong and Jeff Bezos are taking steps to address bias and restore trust in the Los Angeles Times and Washington Post. Soon-Shiong is developing an AI-powered “bias meter” for the LA Times, while Bezos is working on new ideas for the Washington Post. These efforts have sparked criticism from press advocates and journalists, who are concerned about the implications for newsroom independence and trust. In a bold move to tackle the growing trust deficit in the US news media, tech billionaires Patrick Soon-Shiong and Jeff Bezos have announced initiatives to overhaul the Los Angeles Times and Washington Post, respectively. Soon-Shiong, who acquired the LA Times in 2018, revealed plans for an artificial intelligence-powered “bias meter” to help readers identify potential biases in news stories. This tool aims to provide readers with balanced perspectives by offering both sides of a story. During an appearance on political commentator Scott Jennings’ radio show, Soon-Shiong emphasized the need for transparency in journalism, questioning whether news reports are truly objective or influenced by personal opinions. His comments have drawn criticism from press advocates and journalists, who argue that such measures could undermine newsroom independence and trust. Ann Marie Lipinski, curator of Harvard’s Nieman Foundation for Journalism, expressed concerns about the potential negative impact on the already fragile news industry. Vivian Schiller, former CEO of NPR, described the plans as a “nightmare” scenario for a billionaire-owned media outlet. Jeff Bezos, who bought the Washington Post in 2013, acknowledged the challenges faced by traditional media in maintaining public trust. Speaking at the New York Times’ DealBook conference, Bezos shared his commitment to revitalizing the Post, despite recent financial losses and declining readership. He hinted at new innovations to address these issues but did not provide specific details. Both Soon-Shiong and Bezos faced backlash for withdrawing their newspapers’ endorsements of presidential candidate Kamala Harris shortly before the US election, a move that further fueled controversy within their newsrooms. As trust in the US news media continues to decline, with less than a third of Americans expressing confidence in fair and accurate reporting, the efforts by Soon-Shiong and Bezos highlight the ongoing struggle to balance journalistic integrity with the evolving demands of the digital age. Source: Ft.com Photo Credit: Ft.com  

Australia Plans Charges for Big Tech Over Unpaid News Content

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Australia’s government announced plans on Thursday to introduce new regulations compelling major tech companies like Meta (Facebook’s parent company) and Google to pay Australian media outlets for news content shared on their platforms. The proposed rules aim to create financial penalties for companies failing to negotiate fair compensation with news publishers, marking another step in Australia’s intensified scrutiny of Big Tech. Assistant Treasurer and Minister for Financial Services Stephen Jones outlined the initiative during a press conference. He explained that the regulations would apply to digital platforms generating over $250 million in Australian revenue, targeting significant social media networks and search engines. Platforms that fail to establish voluntary commercial agreements with media outlets may face charges amounting to millions of dollars. “The news bargaining initiative will provide a strong incentive for platforms and media businesses to strike commercial deals,” Jones stated, emphasizing the government’s commitment to fair revenue-sharing practices. Tech companies have criticized the proposed legislation. A Meta spokesperson argued the move disregards platform dynamics, pointing out that most users do not access their platforms for news and that publishers willingly post content to benefit from increased exposure. Similarly, a Google representative warned that the policy could jeopardize existing commercial agreements with news publishers in Australia. Australia’s tough stance on Big Tech is not new. In 2021, it enacted laws requiring platforms to pay for news links, prompting Meta to temporarily block news sharing before reaching deals with several Australian media firms. However, Meta has since scaled back news-related initiatives globally, including plans to discontinue its Facebook news tab in Australia by 2024. Media groups, including Rupert Murdoch’s News Corp, have welcomed the government’s latest proposal. News Corp Australia Executive Chairman Michael Miller expressed optimism about building beneficial partnerships with platforms like Meta and TikTok, calling for mutually advantageous relationships between publishers and tech companies.

Survey: Germans See Social Media as the Main Source of Fake News

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A recent study by the Bertelsmann Foundation reveals that 81% of Germans view the spread of disinformation as a significant threat to democracy, with social media emerging as the primary source of fake news. The survey highlights widespread concerns about the impact of online misinformation on elections, social cohesion, and contentious topics like migration, health, climate change, and war. Approximately 78% of respondents worry that such falsehoods could influence electoral outcomes and deepen societal divisions. Two-thirds of participants identified active social media users and bloggers as the main culprits behind the spread of misinformation. Additionally, 53% pointed to foreign governments, and half of the respondents even accused the German government of contributing to the problem. Despite these concerns, the study found that 93% of respondents trust the media but believe fake news is deliberately propagated to undermine confidence in politics and democracy. Some social media users have proposed that Germany adopt measures similar to Türkiye’s “Disinformation Combat Center,” a government initiative designed to counteract false information. The rise of misinformation on social media has become a global concern, with many nations grappling with its impact on political polarization and public trust. Germany’s experience underscores the urgent need for robust strategies to combat fake news and safeguard democratic processes. As disinformation continues to grow, Germany and other nations face increasing challenges in balancing free speech with efforts to protect their democracies from the erosion of public trust.  

Canadian Lawsuit Challenges OpenAI’s Data Scraping Practices Under Copyright Law

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OpenAI is facing a legal challenge in Canada over allegations of breaching copyright laws through unauthorized data scraping from news websites. Several Canadian news organizations have filed a lawsuit claiming OpenAI violated their terms of service by bypassing protective measures, such as the Robot Exclusion Protocol, and using their content for commercial purposes. The plaintiffs argue that by scraping their material, OpenAI copied their work without authorization and infringed upon terms limiting use to “personal, non-commercial” purposes. This dispute centers on whether data scraping constitutes reproduction protected by copyright or falls under the fair dealing exception. Under Canadian and U.S. copyright law, fair dealing or fair use allows limited unauthorized copying for purposes like education or research. OpenAI contends its practices qualify as transformative use, similar to Google’s digitization of books for searchable databases. Legal scholars and groups like Creative Commons support this view, noting that AI models abstract metadata rather than reproducing original works, creating outputs that do not compete with the original content. In response to earlier lawsuits, OpenAI has taken steps to allow news organizations to opt out of its training processes and has pursued licensing agreements. However, the Canadian case raises broader questions about the balance between innovation in AI and the financial interests of media companies. The outcome of this legal battle could have far-reaching implications for the AI industry. If OpenAI’s actions are deemed fair dealing, it may weaken the licensing market for news content. On the other hand, a settlement or licensing arrangement could set a precedent for future AI training practices. As Canadian and U.S. courts prepare to hear these cases, the decisions will likely shape the future interplay between AI development and intellectual property rights.

Israel’s Media Crackdown Sparks Press Freedom Concerns

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The Israeli government’s unanimous decision to sanction Haaretz newspaper has intensified concerns over press freedom in the country. On November 24, Communications Minister Shlomo Karhi proposed the measures, citing Haaretz’s critical reporting on the Israel-Hamas conflict and remarks by its publisher Amos Schocken advocating international sanctions on Israeli leaders. The sanctions include halting government advertising in Haaretz, a boycott of official contact with the newspaper, and canceling state and state-owned employee subscriptions. Minister Karhi, in defense of the decision, labeled Haaretz’s content as “poison against the state and the army” and reiterated the government’s stance on freedom of expression not extending to state-funded criticism. Media Solidarity and Outcry The move has drawn sharp criticism from press freedom advocates and media organizations. Noa Landau, deputy editor-in-chief of Haaretz, stated the newspaper “will not be deterred,” while Anat Saragusti of the Israeli Journalists’ Union called it an attempt to undermine journalism as a democratic gatekeeper. Nahum Barnea of Yedioth Ahronoth highlighted the government’s focus on silencing dissent amid ongoing national security concerns, writing, “Our government was busy addressing the question… How to financially screw over a media outlet.” Broader Media Clampdowns This decision aligns with other government actions targeting critical media. Earlier, public broadcaster Kan faced attempts to reduce its influence. Additionally, the so-called Al Jazeera law allowed for the closure of foreign media offices, including Al Jazeera’s operations in Israel and the West Bank, under national security grounds. Legal Challenges Ahead Analysts expect Haaretz to challenge the boycott in Israel’s Supreme Court, questioning the legality of withholding government advertising due to political disagreements. Media watchdogs warn that such measures erode democratic norms. Despite mounting pressures, Haaretz remains defiant, pledging not to become a “government pamphlet.” The developments have raised broader questions about the state of press freedom in Israel as the government tightens its grip on critical voices in the media landscape. Source: frontline Photo Credit: frontline

I&B Minister Warns Big Tech: Address Fake News or Risk Losing ‘Safe Harbour’ Protection

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Union Minister of Information and Broadcasting Ashwini Vaishnaw issued a stern warning to Big Tech companies on National Press Day, urging them to take stronger measures against fake news and algorithmic biases. Speaking at a Press Council of India event in Delhi, the minister highlighted four critical challenges impacting the news media: misinformation, AI-generated content, algorithmic manipulation, and unfair compensation for traditional media. Vaishnaw called out digital platforms for failing to verify information, leading to the unchecked spread of fake news, which he described as a “threat to democracy.” He suggested revisiting the Safe Harbour clause under Section 79 of the IT Act, 2000, which currently grants immunity to platforms like Meta and X for user-generated content. The minister argued that the provision, formulated in the 1990s, is outdated given the vast influence of today’s digital platforms. “In a country as diverse as India, misinformation and algorithmic bias pose significant societal risks. Platforms must take greater responsibility to align their operations with our sensitivities,” he said. On algorithmic bias, Vaishnaw criticised platforms for amplifying sensational content to boost engagement, often at the cost of social harmony. He advocated for ethical solutions that prioritize responsible dissemination of information. The minister also addressed the economic disparity between traditional and digital media, urging Big Tech to ensure fair compensation for conventional media outlets that create original content. Highlighting the risks of artificial intelligence, Vaishnaw raised ethical concerns over AI-generated content and its impact on creators’ rights and recognition. He called for open debates and collaborative efforts to address these pressing issues, emphasizing the need for accountability and fairness in digital media governance. The speech underscored the government’s growing focus on regulating Big Tech and safeguarding democratic values in the digital era. Source: Indiatvnews Photo Credit: Indiatvnews

Ashwini Vaishnaw Identifies Four Key Challenges for News Media in the Digital Era

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Union Minister for Information and Broadcasting, Ashwini Vaishnaw, highlighted four significant challenges confronting news media amidst the rapidly evolving media landscape. Speaking at a National Press Day event organized by the Press Council of India in Delhi, he outlined concerns related to fake news, algorithmic bias, fair compensation, and the impact of AI on intellectual property rights. Fake News and Disinformation Vaishnaw emphasized the pervasive threat posed by fake news, stating: “The rapid spread of fake news undermines trust, endangers democracy, and raises questions about accountability for content on digital platforms.” He urged society to address the lack of verification and responsibility on these platforms, pointing out their role in exacerbating social tensions globally. Fair Compensation for Conventional Media The shift in news consumption from traditional to digital media has created financial strain for conventional outlets. Vaishnaw highlighted the asymmetric power dynamics between content creators and digital platforms, advocating for fair compensation: “Traditional media invests significant time and resources in creating verified content. This effort must be suitably compensated to preserve journalistic integrity.” Algorithmic Bias The Minister flagged the issue of algorithmic manipulation by digital platforms, designed to maximize engagement rather than prioritize factual accuracy. “Algorithmic bias can incite strong reactions and misinformation, with severe societal consequences, especially in a diverse country like India,” he warned. Vaishnaw urged platforms to develop solutions that mitigate their systems’ adverse impacts. Impact of AI on Intellectual Property Rights Vaishnaw raised ethical and economic concerns over the use of AI models trained on content from creators without proper acknowledgment or compensation. “AI-generated content is derived from vast databases of music, writing, and art, yet original creators often go uncredited and uncompensated. This is not just an economic issue but an ethical one,” he remarked. Vaishnaw stressed the need for open debates and societal consensus to address these challenges: “As pioneers in technology, we must rise above politics, engage in meaningful discussions, and develop solutions to protect the fabric of our society.” These issues, he warned, will only grow in prominence, necessitating proactive measures to safeguard democratic values and journalistic integrity in the digital age. Source: Indiatvnews Photo Credit: Indiatvnews

Zomato and Swiggy Deny Antitrust Violations Amidst CCI Investigation Claims

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In response to recent media reports suggesting antitrust violations, food delivery giants Zomato and Swiggy denied any wrongdoing, labeling the claims “misleading.” The reports indicated that the Competition Commission of India (CCI) had initiated an investigation into the business practices of both companies. In a statement to the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE), Zomato clarified that while the CCI began a preliminary inquiry in April 2022, no final findings or penalties had been issued. According to Zomato, the investigation followed a CCI “Prima Facie Order” from April 2022 that raised concerns regarding platform practices, such as preferential listings of restaurant partners and price parity requirements across platforms. Zomato’s Company Secretary, Sandhya Sethia, emphasized that these practices are in compliance with the Competition Act of 2002 and do not disrupt market competition. Swiggy echoed a similar sentiment, calling the media reports “misleading” and clarifying that the CCI’s inquiry is still in a preliminary stage. Swiggy, which filed details of the investigation in its September 2024 DRHP (Draft Red Herring Prospectus), emphasized that no conclusions have been drawn. The CCI’s Director General is still examining aspects of Swiggy’s operations, including business conduct, and Swiggy expects to submit further responses before a final decision is made. Both companies reaffirmed their dedication to transparency and regulatory compliance. Zomato assured stakeholders that there have been “no further reportable events” since the preliminary inquiry began, while Swiggy pointed out that the investigative process has yet to yield any determinations or actionable orders. This scrutiny follows a 2022 complaint by the National Restaurant Association of India, which alleged that Zomato and Swiggy’s practices restricted competition by requiring price parity from restaurants, impacting both restaurant margins and competitive market conditions. As Swiggy nears the close of its $1.4 billion IPO bids, both companies await further developments from the CCI’s review. Source: Business Standard Photo Credit: Business Standard