Cancer Diagnosis

India bears the highest burden of childhood leukaemia in South Asia, accounting for nearly 70% of all reported cases in the region, according to a new study published in The Lancet. Researchers attribute the high numbers largely to the country’s vast child population, along with challenges in timely diagnosis and access to specialised treatment. An estimated 25,000 to 50,000 children below the age of 15 are diagnosed with leukaemia in India every year. In West Bengal alone, population-based estimates suggest that around 1,000 to 1,800 children develop the disease annually. Data from hospitals such as Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute and NRS Medical College indicate that acute leukaemia represents nearly 39% of all paediatric cancers in the state. Leukaemia remains the most common childhood cancer in India, accounting for nearly 30–40% of all paediatric cancer cases. Among these, Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia (ALL) constitutes nearly three-fourths of diagnoses. Dr. Pritam Singha Roy, Consultant Paediatric Oncologist at Tata Medical Centre, said the number of reported cases has increased over the past decade due to improved diagnostic facilities, greater public awareness and government initiatives that have enabled more children to receive timely treatment. Experts note that India primarily tracks new cancer diagnoses rather than the total number of children living with the disease, making incidence data more readily available than prevalence figures. According to Dr. Narendra Agarwal, Haematologist and Bone Marrow Transplant Physician at Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute & Research Centre, India’s large population contributes significantly to its high case count, while many neighbouring countries may still have substantial numbers of undiagnosed or unreported cases. He added that delayed diagnosis remains a major concern, although treatment facilities and patient outcomes have improved considerably across the country. The study examined childhood cancer trends across the eight SAARC nations—India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bhutan, Afghanistan and the Maldives—which together are home to nearly 600 million children aged 0–14 years. Researchers estimated that the region recorded 37,716 new childhood cancer cases and 17,698 deaths in 2022. India accounted for 25,939 cases (68.8%), followed by Pakistan with 7,841 cases (20.8%). Leukaemia emerged as the leading childhood cancer across all SAARC countries, representing between 35% and 50% of cases, while central nervous system (CNS) tumours ranked second. The report also highlighted significant disparities in mortality and healthcare access across South Asia, with mortality-to-incidence ratios varying widely among countries. It called for stronger regional collaboration to improve cancer registration systems, expand access to specialised paediatric oncology care and ensure uninterrupted treatment for affected children. Source: TNN