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Sunday, September 20, 2026 7:53 AM

ICMR

India Could Get Indigenous Dengue Vaccine by End of 2027: ICMR DG

India could have its own indigenous dengue vaccine by the end of next year, provided the ongoing follow-up of participants in the vaccine’s Phase 3 clinical trial progresses as expected, ICMR Director General Rajiv Bahl said. Speaking in Kolkata on Sunday, Bahl said the randomised Phase 3 trial is being conducted across 20 institutes and involves more than 13,000 volunteers. For every two participants who received the vaccine, one was administered a placebo. Nearly a year of follow-up has been completed, and researchers are hopeful of unblinding the trial results by the end of next year. NIRBI Director Santasabuj Das said the institute, formerly known as NICED, is among the centres participating in the nationwide trial and is monitoring 674 enrolled volunteers. DengiAll, described as India’s first indigenous single-dose dengue vaccine, is designed to provide protection against all four dengue virus serotypes circulating in the country. However, relatively low dengue transmission this year could delay the process of obtaining enough data to unblind the trial. Bahl also highlighted the importance of Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) during the fourth Dilip Mahalanabis Oration organised by the Liver Foundation West Bengal. KMC involves prolonged skin-to-skin contact between a newborn and the mother and has been shown to improve outcomes for vulnerable newborns. Reflecting on the legacy of late public health pioneer Dilip Mahalanabis, Bahl highlighted the development of sick newborn care units and the evolution of the model into Mother Newborn Care Units, which promote zero separation between mothers and preterm or sick newborns. Public health activist and hepatologist Abhijit Chowdhury said Mahalanabis demonstrated how simple, evidence-based healthcare interventions can have a transformative impact on human lives, inspiring the foundation to organise an annual oration in his memory. Source: Economic Times

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ICMR-NIN Study Finds Vitamin D3 More Effective Than D2 in Supporting Muscle and Heart Health

Vitamin D3 may be more effective than Vitamin D2 in maintaining and restoring skeletal muscle and cardiac function, according to a study conducted by researchers at the ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition (ICMR-NIN), Hyderabad. The study, titled “Dietary Vitamin D2 Is Less Potent Than Vitamin D3 at Maintaining or Restoring Structure and Metabolism of Skeletal Muscle and Heart in Male Rats,” was published in Molecular Nutrition & Food Research. Researchers examined the comparative effects of Vitamin D2 and D3 on skeletal muscle and heart health in male rats during both the maintenance phase and recovery from vitamin D deficiency. Vitamin D is primarily known for its role in calcium regulation and bone health, but it also contributes to the functioning of tissues such as skeletal muscle and the heart. While both D2 and D3 are commonly used in supplements and food fortification, researchers noted that their effects on non-bone tissues have not been studied as extensively. For the study, weaning male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into groups receiving diets containing Vitamin D2, Vitamin D3, a combination of both, or a vitamin D-deficient diet. Researchers subsequently assessed body composition, muscle strength, muscle structure and metabolism, along with indicators linked to cardiac function. The findings showed that Vitamin D3 resulted in greater improvements in muscle mass, muscle fibre size and grip strength compared with Vitamin D2. It also demonstrated stronger effects on biological markers associated with muscle development and energy metabolism. A similar trend was observed in the heart. Vitamin D3 produced greater changes in markers linked to cardiac contractility and metabolism. The differences between the two forms were particularly noticeable when the animals were recovering from Vitamin D deficiency. Dr Ayesha Ismail, Scientist F at ICMR-NIN and corresponding author of the study, said both forms improved calcium-related parameters, but Vitamin D2 was less effective across several indicators associated with muscle and heart structure and energy metabolism. ICMR-NIN Director Dr Bharati Kulkarni said the findings suggest that Vitamin D3 could have greater potential than Vitamin D2 in maintaining and restoring skeletal muscle and cardiac functions. However, the researchers cautioned against directly applying the findings to humans. They said additional research involving human populations is needed to determine whether the observed differences between Vitamin D2 and D3 have similar implications for skeletal and other body functions. The study adds to existing evidence suggesting that the two forms of Vitamin D may not have identical effects beyond their established role in calcium regulation and bone health. Researchers said further studies will be important in assessing the potential implications for vitamin supplementation and food-fortification programmes. Source: ANI

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India’s Growing Metabolic Health Crisis: Obesity, Diabetes and Hypertension

For years, India’s biggest health challenges were closely associated with infectious diseases, malnutrition and limited access to healthcare. But the country is now facing another major public-health challenge: a rapidly growing burden of metabolic and non-communicable diseases. Obesity, diabetes, hypertension and abnormal cholesterol levels are increasingly affecting Indians across age groups and income categories. What makes the situation particularly concerning is that these conditions are closely connected. A person with excess weight may develop insulin resistance, which can increase the risk of type 2 diabetes. High blood pressure and abnormal cholesterol can further increase the risk of heart disease and stroke. The problem is no longer confined to older adults. Younger Indians are increasingly exposed to sedentary lifestyles, calorie-dense diets, poor sleep and chronic stress, creating the conditions for metabolic problems much earlier in life. The World Health Organization identifies unhealthy diets, physical inactivity, tobacco use and harmful alcohol consumption as major behavioural risk factors for non-communicable diseases. These behaviours contribute to metabolic changes such as raised blood pressure, high blood glucose, overweight and obesity. The scale of India’s metabolic health problem One of the clearest pictures of India’s metabolic health comes from the ICMR-INDIAB study, a large population-based study covering adults across 31 states and Union Territories. Published in The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology in 2023, the study assessed more than 113,000 participants and examined the prevalence of diabetes, prediabetes, hypertension, obesity and other metabolic conditions. The findings estimated that India had around 101 million people living with diabetes, while another 136 million were in the prediabetes category. The study also highlighted substantial levels of hypertension and obesity, with considerable variation between states and between urban and rural populations. This variation is important. India does not have a single metabolic-health profile. Dietary habits, economic conditions, urbanisation, physical activity, genetics and access to healthcare differ significantly from one region to another. Yet the broader direction is clear: metabolic disorders have become a major component of India’s disease burden. Obesity is becoming a public-health issue Obesity is often discussed as an issue of appearance or weight management. Medically, however, excess body fat can have much broader consequences. India’s Ministry of Health and Family Welfare notes that overweight and obesity are important risk factors for conditions including coronary heart disease, hypertension, stroke, type 2 diabetes, fatty liver disease, certain cancers and osteoarthritis. The concern is also spreading to younger generations. In July 2026, reporting based on the World Obesity Atlas 2026 estimated that approximately 41 million children in India were overweight or obese. Around the same time, ICMR-NIN unveiled policy recommendations focused on improving children’s food environments, including measures involving food advertising, labelling, school canteens and the pricing of unhealthy foods. Childhood obesity is particularly concerning because metabolic risk can accumulate over decades. A child who develops unhealthy eating patterns and low physical activity early in life may carry those behaviours into adolescence and adulthood. That does not mean every overweight child will develop diabetes or hypertension. But it does mean that prevention has to begin much earlier than the traditional idea of starting health checks only in middle age. Diabetes: India’s expanding metabolic challenge Diabetes is perhaps the most visible part of India’s metabolic-health crisis. Type 2 diabetes develops when the body becomes resistant to insulin or does not produce enough insulin to maintain healthy blood glucose levels. Genetics can play a role, but lifestyle and environmental factors also influence risk. India’s dietary transition has become an important part of the discussion. A 2025 study based on ICMR-INDIAB data and published in Nature Medicine examined dietary patterns among more than 18,000 adults. It reported associations between higher consumption of low-quality carbohydrates, including refined grains and added sugars, and increased odds of type 2 diabetes, prediabetes and obesity. The study also found that replacing a portion of dietary carbohydrates with protein, particularly from sources such as pulses, legumes and dairy, was associated with lower diabetes risk. This does not mean that carbohydrates are inherently unhealthy or that Indians should eliminate rice or wheat from their diets. Rather, it highlights the importance of diet quality, portion sizes and dietary balance. For many Indians, the issue is not simply the presence of carbohydrates but a dietary pattern dominated by refined grains and added sugars, combined with insufficient protein, fibre, vegetables and other nutrient-dense foods. Hypertension: The silent component of the crisis If diabetes is often associated with blood-sugar testing, hypertension presents a different challenge. High blood pressure can remain undetected for years because many people experience no obvious symptoms. Persistently elevated blood pressure places additional strain on blood vessels and the heart and increases the risk of cardiovascular disease, stroke and kidney problems. India’s National Programme for Prevention and Control of Non-Communicable Diseases includes population-based screening for hypertension and diabetes among people aged 30 years and above. The screening process includes assessment of risk factors, BMI and blood pressure, among other measures. Government data also indicate the scale of the response required. The National NCD portal reported more than 9.36 crore people under treatment for hypertension and diabetes as of June 2026. Importantly, the number of people receiving treatment should not be interpreted as the total number of Indians living with these diseases. It represents people captured within the government’s treatment system. Why are metabolic diseases increasing? There is no single cause. 1. Changing food habits India’s food environment has changed rapidly. Traditional diets have increasingly been supplemented or replaced by packaged foods, sugary drinks, refined carbohydrates, fried foods and highly processed snacks. Convenience has become an important factor, particularly in urban areas where long working hours and commuting leave less time for preparing meals. 2. Physical inactivity Modern work increasingly involves sitting for prolonged periods. Office jobs, commuting, screen-based entertainment and reduced everyday physical activity can result in people expending far fewer calories than previous generations. Regular exercise cannot completely compensate for an unhealthy diet, but physical activity remains an important component of metabolic health. 3. Urbanisation Urbanisation has brought economic opportunity

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ICMR Has Not Studied Whether Ultra-Processed Foods Show Addiction-Like Behaviour: Centre

The Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) has not conducted any study to determine whether ultra-processed foods (UPFs) display addiction-like behavioural characteristics similar to tobacco or other habit-forming substances, the government informed the Lok Sabha. Responding to a written question in Parliament, Minister of State for Health Prataprao Jadhav said ICMR’s assessment is based on available global scientific evidence, which links higher consumption of ultra-processed foods with a greater risk of several health problems. These include obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and certain mental health disorders. However, the minister clarified that such conditions have multiple contributing factors, with excessive consumption of ultra-processed foods being only one of several modifiable risk factors. The government also pointed out that much of the existing evidence on UPFs and health outcomes is observational. Therefore, the available research does not, on its own, establish a direct cause-and-effect relationship. ICMR Steps Up Nutrition Awareness Jadhav said ICMR has undertaken various measures to educate the public about the potential health risks associated with excessive consumption of ultra-processed foods. The Dietary Guidelines for Indians, 2024, advise people to limit their intake of free sugars, avoid frequent consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and reduce their intake of ultra-processed foods. The guidelines also encourage consumers to identify such products and read food labels before making purchasing decisions. ICMR has additionally launched the “Let’s Fix Our Food” initiative in partnership with national and international organisations. The programme focuses on creating healthier food environments for children and adolescents by working with schools, parents, policymakers and civil society organisations. The initiative aims to develop evidence-based communication resources, improve food environments in schools and encourage healthier eating habits, while discouraging the consumption of foods high in sugar, fat and salt. The minister said ICMR also conducts nutrition awareness activities through public lectures, workshops, training programmes, National Nutrition Month campaigns and other public health initiatives. Educational material on nutrition is also disseminated in regional languages. FSSAI Campaigns Promote Healthier Eating The Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) has also introduced several initiatives aimed at encouraging healthier dietary choices. These include the “Eat Right India” movement and the “Aaj Se Thoda Kam” campaign, which encourages consumers to reduce their intake of fat, salt and sugar. FSSAI is also using social media campaigns to raise awareness about obesity and related health concerns. In collaboration with MyGov, FSSAI has launched the “Eat Right Quiz on Obesity”. Its #HarLabelKuchKehtaHai campaign seeks to help consumers better understand nutritional information and other details provided on food labels. Jadhav said FSSAI has established quality and safety standards for a range of food products, aligned with international standards including those developed by the Codex Alimentarius Commission. Existing regulations also govern the levels of sugar, salt and fat in food products. Under the Food Safety and Standards (Labelling and Display) Regulations, 2020, food manufacturers are required to disclose nutritional information such as energy, protein, carbohydrates, total sugars, added sugars, total fat and sodium, along with ingredient details. The rules also prohibit false or misleading labels. Meanwhile, the Food Safety and Standards (Advertising and Claims) Regulations, 2018 require food-related advertisements and health claims to be truthful, scientifically supported and not misleading. Claims that a food product can prevent, treat or cure diseases are prohibited unless specifically allowed under the law. The government said violations of these regulations can result in regulatory and punitive action against non-compliant food business operators under the Food Safety and Standards Act, 2006. Source: PTI

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NMC–ICMR to Roll Out PhD Programmes to Strengthen India’s Clinical Research and Medical Innovation

The National Medical Commission (NMC), in collaboration with the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), is set to introduce new PhD programmes and intensify clinical research efforts to boost indigenous innovation in medical devices and pharmaceuticals. Announcing the initiative at the 3rd convocation of Bhaikaka University in Karamsad, Anand, NMC chairman Dr. Abhijat Sheth said the move aims to fortify India’s medical research landscape and encourage innovation-led healthcare advancements. He also shared that 18,000 additional medical seats have been approved nationwide, with parallel initiatives to expand faculty capacity and ensure equitable, high-quality medical education. Highlighting the growing burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), Dr. Sheth emphasised the urgent need for preventive healthcare, self-care practices and the ATCOM module on professionalism as part of the commission’s updated training framework. Citing lessons from the Covid-19 pandemic, he stressed the importance of preparing future medical professionals for public health emergencies. At the convocation, 496 students from undergraduate, postgraduate and PhD programmes received their degrees, while 10 students were honoured with gold medals for academic excellence. The ceremony was attended by BU president Dr. Gauri Trivedi, provost Dr. Abhay Dharamsi, and other officials. It also featured the 20th H M Patel Memorial Lecture, delivered by paediatrician and public health specialist Dr. Pravitra Mohan, who spoke on “Equitable Healthcare in India: Leading the Change.” Source: TNN

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CSIR, ICMR Chart Joint Roadmap to Boost Collaborative Health Research

The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) and the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) held a high-level strategy meeting to advance a unified roadmap for collaborative health research, the Ministry of Science & Technology said on Tuesday. The session took place at the CSIR Science Centre in New Delhi and was co-chaired by N. Kalaiselvi, Director General of CSIR, and Rajiv Bahl, Director General of ICMR and Secretary, Department of Health Research. The two organisations reviewed progress on major joint initiatives, including CSIR-developed molecules progressing toward clinical trials, updates on ICMR-supported Centres of Advanced Research within CSIR labs, and implementation of large-scale national projects. The meeting also emphasised expanding wastewater surveillance for a wider range of pathogens across cities, hospitals and communities, aligning with the One Health Mission. Discussions included defining the roles of CSIR and ICMR in drug development, clinical trials, and leveraging ICMR’s large-animal toxicity testing infrastructure. The joint AcSIR–ICMR Ph.D. programme was also reviewed, with a focus on widening opportunities for young researchers by integrating ICMR and CSIR fellowship pathways. Both Dr. Kalaiselvi and Dr. Bahl stressed the importance of combining CSIR’s scientific and technological expertise with ICMR’s public health capabilities to deliver national-scale outcomes. They highlighted the need for structured, time-bound collaboration, particularly for co-developing technologies such as a digitally operated medical emergency drone service. Experts concluded by reaffirming plans to deepen cooperation in biomedical sciences, diagnostics, digital health, environmental surveillance, and other emerging healthcare domains. Source: IANS

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ICMR Study Finds 1 in 9 People Tested Positive for Infectious Diseases in 2025

A recent nationwide analysis by the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) has revealed that 11.1% of patients tested across India were found carrying infectious pathogens — roughly one in every nine individuals tested. The large-scale study, conducted through ICMR’s Virus Research and Diagnostic Laboratories (VRDL) network, aimed to track viral infections of public health concern. The five most commonly detected pathogens included Influenza A in acute respiratory infections (ARI/SARI), Dengue virus in cases of acute and haemorrhagic fever, Hepatitis A among jaundice patients, Norovirus in acute diarrhoeal disease (ADD) outbreaks, and Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) in acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) cases. The ICMR report noted a rise in infection rates from 10.7% in the first quarter (January–March) to 11.5% in the second quarter (April–June) of 2025. Out of 2,28,856 samples tested in the first quarter, 24,502 showed the presence of pathogens, while 26,055 of 2,26,095 samples tested positive in the next quarter — marking an increase of 0.8 percentage points. A senior ICMR scientist cautioned that although the increase appears modest, it could be an early signal for seasonal outbreaks or emerging infections, underscoring the importance of continued surveillance. “Even small shifts in infection rates can serve as an early warning for potential epidemics. The VRDL network plays a vital role as India’s early detection system,” the scientist said. Between April and June 2025, 191 disease clusters were investigated, identifying infections such as mumps, measles, rubella, dengue, chikungunya, rotavirus, norovirus, varicella zoster virus, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and astrovirus. In comparison, 389 clusters were probed between January and March 2025, detecting a similar range of pathogens including hepatitis, influenza, Leptospira, and sexually transmitted infections (STIs). From 2014 to 2024, the VRDL network tested over 40 lakh samples, identifying pathogens in 18.8% of them. The network has seen rapid expansion — from 27 laboratories in 2014 to 165 labs across 31 states and Union Territories by 2025 — and has so far tracked 2,534 disease clusters nationwide. Source: PTI Photo Credit: Getty Images/iStockphoto

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NMC Approves 10,650 New MBBS Seats, 41 New Medical Colleges Across India

In a major boost to India’s healthcare education landscape, the National Medical Commission (NMC) has approved 10,650 additional MBBS seats for the 2024–25 academic session, along with the establishment of 41 new medical colleges nationwide. This development aligns with Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s Independence Day 2024 commitment to create 75,000 new medical seats within five years, aimed at strengthening the country’s medical education and healthcare capacity. With these new additions, India now has a total of 816 medical colleges offering approximately 1,37,600 MBBS seats, including those under Institutes of National Importance (INIs). According to Dr. Abhijat Sheth, Chairperson of the NMC, the commission reviewed 170 proposals for seat expansion — 41 from government institutions and 129 from private colleges — ultimately approving the new capacity of 10,650 seats. The commission has also received over 3,500 applications for new and renewed postgraduate (PG) medical seats, with expectations of adding around 5,000 new PG seats, taking the national total to about 67,000. In total, the combined increase in UG and PG medical seats this year is projected to be nearly 15,000. Although the approval and counselling process experienced slight delays, NMC officials have assured that all procedures will conclude as per the designated timelines. A comprehensive blueprint for the upcoming academic year — including schedules for accreditation, examinations, and seat matrix approval — will be released soon. The application portal for 2025–26 is slated to open in early November. In a notable first, all appeals against the Medical Assessment and Rating Board (MARB) decisions were resolved without court intervention, reflecting greater efficiency in regulatory procedures. Dr. Sheth further revealed that the NMC is working to integrate clinical research into the MBBS curriculum through a proposed collaboration with the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR). This initiative aims to build stronger research infrastructure and encourage medical students to engage in clinical innovation and applied learning. These reforms represent a transformative step in India’s journey toward enhancing medical education quality, healthcare accessibility, and workforce readiness, in line with the government’s broader vision of a healthier, self-reliant India. Source: Indian Express

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Scientists Explore How Music Can Help Relieve Pain from Surgery and Illness

In the recovery ward at UC San Diego Health, nurse Rod Salaysay relies on more than just medical tools like a stethoscope or thermometer — he also uses his guitar and ukulele. Between post-surgery medications, Salaysay plays tunes at patients’ request, ranging from folk songs and classical pieces like Minuet in G Major to movie classics such as Somewhere Over the Rainbow. The results are often visible: patients smile, relax, and sometimes even require fewer painkillers. “In hospitals, pain, anxiety, and worry often feed into each other,” Salaysay explained. “Music can help break that cycle.” Over the last twenty years, hospitals and clinics worldwide have increasingly turned to music therapy — both live and recorded — as studies continue to reveal its power to ease physical and emotional pain. While music’s emotional influence has long been understood, scientists are only now uncovering how music-induced analgesia — the process by which music reduces pain perception — actually works. Although a melody can’t replace strong pain medication, research published in Pain and Scientific Reports shows that listening to music can lessen pain intensity and increase a person’s tolerance to discomfort. What seems crucial, researchers say, is that patients choose the music themselves and listen attentively, rather than passively. “Pain is incredibly complex,” said Adam Hanley, a psychologist at Florida State University. “It’s shaped by both the body’s sensations and our emotional and mental responses to those sensations.” Even with the same condition, two people might experience pain differently. Acute pain comes from immediate physical triggers, while chronic pain involves long-term changes in the brain that heighten sensitivity. “Pain is processed and interpreted by the brain,” said Dr. Gilbert Chandler, a chronic spinal pain expert from Tallahassee Orthopedic Clinic, “and the brain can amplify or reduce those signals.” Music, experts note, helps redirect attention away from pain. Studies suggest that preferred music is especially effective, even more than podcasts or generic playlists. “Music doesn’t just distract — it engages the whole brain,” said Caroline Palmer, a psychologist at McGill University. “That’s why it changes how people experience pain.” Indeed, Kate Richards Geller, a Los Angeles-based music therapist, explains that engaging with music activates nearly every brain region, easing not just pain but also isolation and anxiety. The use of music for pain relief dates back to the 19th century, when patients listened to melodies during dental procedures before anesthetics were common. Modern researchers continue to explore what makes it most effective. In one experiment at Erasmus University Rotterdam, scientists tested 548 participants across five music genres — classical, rock, pop, urban, and electronic — to measure how long they could withstand cold-induced pain. All genres helped, but none outperformed the others. “The best music is simply what you like,” said study co-author Dr. Emy van der Valk Bouman, noting that familiar songs may trigger memories and emotions that enhance resilience. Allowing patients to choose their music can also restore a sense of control and agency, said Claire Howlin of Trinity College Dublin, whose research shows that self-selected songs can boost pain tolerance. Hanley’s studies further indicate that focused, daily listening may gradually reduce chronic pain, offering an uplifting “emotional bump” without side effects. For many, it’s a powerful, drug-free remedy. Cecily Gardner, a jazz vocalist from California, said music helped her cope with illness and brought comfort to others in pain. “Music reduces stress, connects people,” she said, “and transports you somewhere better.” Source: AP

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ICMR Opens Door for Commercial Production of Next-Gen Malaria Vaccine

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The Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) has announced a major step forward in the fight against malaria by inviting expressions of interest (EoI) from eligible companies and manufacturers for the commercial production of a breakthrough malaria vaccine, AdFalciVax. Developed by the ICMR’s Regional Medical Research Centre in Bhubaneswar, this recombinant chimeric multi-stage vaccine targets Plasmodium falciparum, the deadliest malaria parasite, offering both individual protection and reduced community transmission. Pre-clinical validation of the vaccine technology was carried out in collaboration with ICMR-NIMR (National Institute of Malaria Research), other ICMR institutes, and the National Institute of Immunology in Delhi, which operates under the Department of Biotechnology. ICMR-RMRCBB will provide technical know-how and hands-on support throughout the vaccine production process to ensure a smooth and efficient pathway to commercialisation. Furthermore, ICMR’s team of seasoned scientists will assist in product development, study design, protocol development, data and results analysis, efficacy and safety assessments, and necessary improvements, based on mutual agreement with the collaborating partner. This initiative marks a significant stride in India’s effort to eliminate malaria through indigenous innovation and collaborative biotech development. Source: PTI

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