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Obesity

ICMR Has Not Studied Whether Ultra-Processed Foods Show Addiction-Like Behaviour: Centre

/ Health & Wellness Community

The Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) has not conducted any study to determine whether ultra-processed foods (UPFs) display addiction-like behavioural characteristics similar to tobacco or other habit-forming substances, the government informed the Lok Sabha. Responding to a written question in Parliament, Minister of State for Health Prataprao Jadhav said ICMR’s assessment is based on available global scientific evidence, which links higher consumption of ultra-processed foods with a greater risk of several health problems. These include obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and certain mental health disorders. However, the minister clarified that such conditions have multiple contributing factors, with excessive consumption of ultra-processed foods being only one of several modifiable risk factors. The government also pointed out that much of the existing evidence on UPFs and health outcomes is observational. Therefore, the available research does not, on its own, establish a direct cause-and-effect relationship. ICMR Steps Up Nutrition Awareness Jadhav said ICMR has undertaken various measures to educate the public about the potential health risks associated with excessive consumption of ultra-processed foods. The Dietary Guidelines for Indians, 2024, advise people to limit their intake of free sugars, avoid frequent consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and reduce their intake of ultra-processed foods. The guidelines also encourage consumers to identify such products and read food labels before making purchasing decisions. ICMR has additionally launched the “Let’s Fix Our Food” initiative in partnership with national and international organisations. The programme focuses on creating healthier food environments for children and adolescents by working with schools, parents, policymakers and civil society organisations. The initiative aims to develop evidence-based communication resources, improve food environments in schools and encourage healthier eating habits, while discouraging the consumption of foods high in sugar, fat and salt. The minister said ICMR also conducts nutrition awareness activities through public lectures, workshops, training programmes, National Nutrition Month campaigns and other public health initiatives. Educational material on nutrition is also disseminated in regional languages. FSSAI Campaigns Promote Healthier Eating The Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) has also introduced several initiatives aimed at encouraging healthier dietary choices. These include the “Eat Right India” movement and the “Aaj Se Thoda Kam” campaign, which encourages consumers to reduce their intake of fat, salt and sugar. FSSAI is also using social media campaigns to raise awareness about obesity and related health concerns. In collaboration with MyGov, FSSAI has launched the “Eat Right Quiz on Obesity”. Its #HarLabelKuchKehtaHai campaign seeks to help consumers better understand nutritional information and other details provided on food labels. Jadhav said FSSAI has established quality and safety standards for a range of food products, aligned with international standards including those developed by the Codex Alimentarius Commission. Existing regulations also govern the levels of sugar, salt and fat in food products. Under the Food Safety and Standards (Labelling and Display) Regulations, 2020, food manufacturers are required to disclose nutritional information such as energy, protein, carbohydrates, total sugars, added sugars, total fat and sodium, along with ingredient details. The rules also prohibit false or misleading labels. Meanwhile, the Food Safety and Standards (Advertising and Claims) Regulations, 2018 require food-related advertisements and health claims to be truthful, scientifically supported and not misleading. Claims that a food product can prevent, treat or cure diseases are prohibited unless specifically allowed under the law. The government said violations of these regulations can result in regulatory and punitive action against non-compliant food business operators under the Food Safety and Standards Act, 2006. Source: PTI

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Poor Muscle Health Along With Obesity May Significantly Raise Type 2 Diabetes Risk: Study

/ Health & Wellness Community

A combination of poor muscle health and excess body fat may substantially increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes, according to a new study published in the journal Diabetes Care. Researchers found that individuals with sarcopenic obesity—a condition marked by both obesity and reduced muscle mass and strength—face a considerably higher diabetes risk than those affected by either condition alone. The research, led by Zhongyang Guan, a PhD candidate at Curtin University in Australia, analyzed health data from 479,607 participants in the UK Biobank who were free of diabetes at the start of the study. During an average follow-up period of more than 14 years, nearly 32,950 participants developed type 2 diabetes. According to the findings, people with sarcopenic obesity were more than 3.5 times as likely to develop type 2 diabetes compared to individuals with a healthy body composition. They also had a 19% higher risk than people with obesity alone and a 91% higher risk than those with only sarcopenia. The study revealed that nearly 15% of participants with sarcopenic obesity developed type 2 diabetes within 10 years, compared with around 11% of those with obesity alone and only 3% of individuals without obesity or sarcopenia. Researchers also observed that the association between sarcopenic obesity and diabetes was particularly pronounced among women and adults younger than 60 years. Guan noted that while excess body weight is widely recognized as a diabetes risk factor, the findings highlight that muscle health plays an equally important role in determining an individual’s risk. The authors concluded that evaluating both body fat and muscle health could improve the identification of people at high risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Senior author Professor Mario Siervo from Curtin University’s Faculty of Health Sciences said healthcare providers should consider assessing muscle health alongside body weight. He added that maintaining muscle strength through regular physical activity, resistance training, and healthy lifestyle habits may help reduce the growing burden of type 2 diabetes, particularly as obesity rates continue to rise and populations age. Source: PTI

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Diabetes Driving India’s Silent Liver Disease Crisis, Study Warns

/ Health & Wellness Community

A groundbreaking study has revealed that Type 2 diabetes is emerging as a major cause of advanced liver disease in India, often progressing unnoticed until it becomes life-threatening. Published in The Lancet, the DiaFib-Liver Study is the largest real-world research of its kind in a developing country, highlighting the liver as a critical yet overlooked organ at risk among diabetic patients. The study, which assessed 9,202 adults across 27 healthcare centres, found that nearly 25% of patients had significant liver fibrosis, while about 14% had advanced disease. Alarmingly, around 5% had already reached a stage suggestive of cirrhosis—despite showing no obvious symptoms. Experts note a shift in the primary causes of severe liver conditions, with diabetes and obesity now surpassing viral infections like Hepatitis B and C. The underlying mechanism involves fat accumulation in the liver, leading to insulin resistance, chronic inflammation, and eventual scarring. Interestingly, the research also challenges the belief that liver disease primarily affects overweight individuals. Cases were observed even among lean patients, with a phenomenon termed “burnt-out” liver disease—where fat diminishes as fibrosis worsens—making detection even more difficult. Given that liver damage often remains silent until advanced stages, researchers emphasize the need for improved screening. They recommend tools like the FIB-4 score, derived from routine blood tests, and FibroScan imaging for early detection, instead of relying solely on ultrasounds. Encouragingly, the study highlights that early-stage liver damage can be reversed. A 5% reduction in body weight may reverse fibrosis in many cases, while a 10% reduction can significantly slow disease progression. With India home to over 10 crore diabetics and millions more at risk, integrating liver health checks into diabetes care programs could be key to preventing a large-scale health crisis. Source: TNN

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WHO Urges Governments to Raise Taxes on Sugary Drinks and Alcohol to Curb Rising Health Risks

/ Health & Wellness Community

The World Health Organization (WHO) has urged governments worldwide to sharply increase taxes on sugary drinks and alcoholic beverages, warning that persistently low tax rates are making these harmful products more affordable and driving a surge in preventable diseases. Releasing two new global reports on Tuesday (January 13, 2026), the WHO said falling prices of sugary drinks and alcohol are contributing to rising cases of obesity, diabetes, heart disease, cancers and injury-related deaths, particularly among children and young adults. Weak taxation policies, the agency noted, are allowing these products to stay cheap while public health systems struggle under the growing burden of noncommunicable diseases. “Health taxes are among the most effective tools to protect people’s health,” said WHO Director-General Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus. He emphasized that higher taxes on tobacco, alcohol and sugary drinks can curb harmful consumption while generating much-needed revenue for healthcare services. According to the WHO, the global market for sugary drinks and alcoholic beverages earns billions in profits, yet governments collect only a small fraction through health-focused taxes. This imbalance leaves societies to shoulder the long-term health and economic consequences. The reports highlight that while at least 116 countries tax sugary drinks, many high-sugar products — including 100% fruit juices, sweetened milk beverages, and ready-to-drink coffees and teas — remain untaxed. Although 97% of countries impose taxes on energy drinks, this figure has not improved since 2023. On alcohol, the WHO found that 167 countries levy some form of tax, while 12 have complete bans. However, alcohol has become more affordable in many regions since 2022 because tax rates have not kept pace with inflation and rising incomes. Notably, wine remains untaxed in at least 25 countries, largely in Europe, despite its known health risks. The WHO stressed that while industries continue to profit, the public bears the health fallout and societies absorb the economic costs. To address this, the organization has launched its “3 by 35” initiative, calling on countries to increase and restructure taxes so that the real prices of tobacco, alcohol and sugary drinks rise by 2035, making them less accessible and reducing harm over time. Source: The Hindu

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Kidney Cancer Cases Could Nearly Double Worldwide by 2050: Study

/ Health & Wellness Community
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A new global study warns that kidney cancer cases may almost double over the next quarter century if current health trends continue. Researchers from Europe, the US, and the UK examined data from the Global Cancer Observatory of the International Agency for Research on Cancer, projecting a dramatic surge in both incidence and mortality. In 2022, around 435,000 new cases and 156,000 deaths from kidney cancer were recorded worldwide. By 2050, the figures could rise to nearly 746,000 cases (a 72% increase) and over 304,000 deaths (a 96% rise), according to findings published in European Urology. The rise is linked largely to modifiable risk factors such as obesity, hypertension, diabetes, smoking, and physical inactivity, alongside environmental exposures. While 5–8% of cases are estimated to have a genetic basis, researchers emphasized that more than half of all kidney cancer cases are preventable. “Kidney cancer is becoming a global health challenge. Clinicians and policymakers must brace for this sharp increase,” said senior author Alexander Kutikov, Chair of the Department of Urology at Fox Chase Cancer Center in the US. He noted that lifestyle interventions—including maintaining a healthy weight, controlling blood sugar and blood pressure, and quitting smoking—can substantially reduce risk. The study also revealed wide geographical and gender-based disparities in incidence and survival. Five-year survival rates currently range between 40% and 75%, with wealthier nations expected to benefit from early detection through routine imaging and better access to advanced treatments such as surgery and radiotherapy. The findings add to a broader global concern: a recent Lancet analysis estimated that annual cancer deaths of all types may climb by 75% over the next 25 years. Alarmingly, 40% of these deaths are linked to 44 preventable risk factors, including poor diet, tobacco, and high blood sugar. Source: PTI

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ICMR Releases Dietary Guidelines, Links 56% of Diseases in India to Diet

/ Health & Wellness Community

The Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) has released 17 dietary guidelines aimed at meeting essential nutrient requirements and preventing non-communicable diseases (NCDs) like obesity and diabetes. According to the National Institute of Nutrition (NIN), estimates suggest that 56.4% of the total disease burden in India is attributable to unhealthy diets. The guidelines emphasize the importance of healthy diets and physical activity in reducing the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD), hypertension (HTN), and type 2 diabetes. They recommend measures such as restricting salt intake, moderating the use of oils and fats, engaging in regular exercise, and minimizing consumption of sugar and ultra-processed foods. Dr. Hemalatha R, Director of ICMR-NIN, led a multi-disciplinary committee of experts in drafting the guidelines, which underwent scientific review. The aim is to promote informed and healthy food choices, encourage adoption of a healthy lifestyle, and address issues related to malnutrition. Dr. Rajiv Bahl, Director General of ICMR, highlighted the relevance of the guidelines in addressing the changing food landscape in India. He emphasized the importance of promoting holistic nutrition and health while tackling the prevalence of non-communicable diseases. The guidelines advocate for a balanced diet that includes a variety of foods, limiting cereals to 45% of total calories, and incorporating pulses, beans, meat, nuts, vegetables, fruits, and milk for essential nutrients. The NIN underscores the need to address the limited availability and high cost of certain food items, which can lead to inadequate intake of essential macronutrients and micronutrients, increasing the risk of metabolic disorders from a young age.  

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