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Friday, July 11, 2025 1:46 PM

Pandemic Preparedness

India Joins Global Pandemic Treaty; PM Emphasizes Role of Global South in World Health

In a landmark step towards bolstering global health security and future pandemic preparedness, India has officially joined other WHO member nations in endorsing the Pandemic Treaty during the 78th World Health Assembly held in Geneva. Addressing the assembly, the Prime Minister highlighted the critical need for inclusive global healthcare, stating, “The future of a healthy world depends on inclusion, and the health of the world depends on how well we care for the most vulnerable, especially in the Global South who are particularly impacted by health challenges.” He also drew attention to India’s domestic strides in public health, mentioning that government health spending has surged while citizens’ out-of-pocket medical costs have declined significantly. He credited this progress to flagship initiatives such as Ayushman Bharat, which extends free healthcare coverage to over 580 million people, and to the proliferation of affordable public pharmacies. “India has established a vast network of Health and Wellness Centres (HWC) that offer screening for major conditions such as cancer, diabetes, and hypertension. India’s digital platform to track vaccination of pregnant women and children is helping to integrate benefits, insurance, records, and information,” the Prime Minister said. The assembly’s primary goal this year was the finalization of the Global Pandemic Treaty, and the Prime Minister commended the efforts of the WHO and all negotiating nations. “India’s initiatives have brought down out-of-pocket expenditure as a percentage of total health expenditure significantly, while government health expenditure has increased considerably,” he added. A WHO statement confirmed the treaty’s adoption during a plenary session of the assembly, which serves as the organization’s highest decision-making body. The treaty was approved by vote in committee, with 124 nations in favor and 11 abstaining. No country formally opposed the agreement. The Pandemic Agreement outlines key principles and strategies to enhance international collaboration in areas like vaccine access, diagnostics, and treatment distribution, all aimed at reinforcing global preparedness and response to health emergencies. However, the agreement was adopted without participation from the United States, a major WHO donor, which had previously halted its funding commitments to the organization earlier this year. Source: Economic Times  

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WHO Prepares for Life After U.S. Exit Amid Deep Budget Cuts and Donor Shift

As the World Health Organization (WHO) prepares for its annual assembly in Geneva starting May 19, a significant shift looms over the global health body: how to navigate a future without its top financial backer, the United States. The week-long gathering, typically a forum for setting health priorities and policy, approving vaccines, and coordinating international disease responses, is this year overshadowed by the U.S. decision to leave the organization. In January, President Donald Trump issued an executive order initiating the year-long withdrawal process on his first day back in office. With the U.S. accounting for roughly 18% of the WHO’s funding, officials are now grappling with how to stretch limited resources. “Our goal is to focus on the high-value stuff,” said Daniel Thornton, WHO’s director of coordinated resource mobilisation. While specifics remain under discussion, internal planning documents seen by Reuters suggest the agency will prioritize its emergency response and medicine approval efforts, while scaling back on training programs and potentially closing offices in high-income countries. Key health guidance on vaccines and diseases such as HIV and obesity is expected to continue. A Western diplomat, speaking anonymously, acknowledged the challenge ahead: “We’ve got to make do with what we have.” WHO staff have already begun budget and personnel cuts in anticipation of the funding shortfall. Though the U.S. remains a member until January 21, 2026, under the legally mandated transition period, signs of a policy reversal are slim. President Trump initially left the door open to rejoining if the organization “clean it up,” but health envoys say no concrete steps have followed. In the meantime, WHO faces an immediate budget gap of $600 million this year, with deeper cuts—up to 21%—expected over the next two years. As the U.S. steps back, China is poised to become the largest contributor of assessed contributions—one of WHO’s key funding streams. China’s share will rise from over 15% to 20% following a 2022 funding restructure. “We have to adapt ourselves to multilateral organisations without the Americans. Life goes on,” said Chen Xu, China’s ambassador to Geneva. The evolving donor landscape has prompted calls for deeper reform. Anil Soni, CEO of the WHO Foundation, questioned whether the organization still needs its vast array of committees or to publish thousands of documents each year. He added that the transition was forcing a reassessment of operations, including whether WHO should handle routine logistics like fuel purchases during crises. Soni emphasized the urgency of sustaining vital programs amid the funding squeeze, noting that the agency is increasingly turning to philanthropies and the private sector for targeted support. The ELMA Foundation, for instance, recently contributed $2 million to support the Global Measles and Rubella Laboratory Network, which includes over 700 labs monitoring infectious disease threats. Alongside pandemic preparedness agreements and an investment round to court new donors, funding will remain the central concern at the Geneva meeting. A WHO manager’s recent request for staff to volunteer as ushers—without extra pay—reflects the broader austerity mindset taking hold. Source: Reuters Photo Credit: Reuters

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Gennova Biopharma Partners with CEPI to Develop mRNA Nipah Vaccine

Gennova Biopharmaceuticals, a subsidiary of Emcure Pharmaceuticals, has announced a partnership with the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI) to develop a self-amplifying mRNA (saRNA) vaccine for the Nipah virus. The collaboration has secured up to $13.38 million in funding from CEPI to accelerate research and development. Innovative Approach to Vaccine Development As part of this initiative, Gennova will work with the Houston Methodist Research Institute (HMRI), a CEPI partner based in the United States, to integrate artificial intelligence (AI) into vaccine design. AI-driven analysis will be used to identify optimal vaccine targets, enhancing immune response efficiency. Clinical trials are set to begin in India, where Nipah outbreaks have previously occurred. The Nipah Virus Threat Nipah virus, a highly lethal pathogen from the Paramyxovirus family, has caused multiple outbreaks in South and Southeast Asia, with a fatality rate of up to 75%. Though outbreaks have been geographically limited, the virus’s natural reservoir—fruit bats—inhabits regions home to over two billion people, making it a serious global health concern. CEPI’s Commitment to Global Health Kent Kester, Executive Director of Vaccine R&D at CEPI, emphasized the urgency of the project, stating: “With no approved vaccines or specific treatments for Nipah, CEPI is leading the global effort to develop countermeasures. Gennova’s saRNA technology could not only help fight Nipah but also enhance pandemic preparedness, enabling rapid responses within 100 days of identifying a new viral threat.” The Advantage of saRNA Vaccines Unlike traditional mRNA vaccines, which introduce pre-made antigenic proteins, saRNA vaccines provide genetic instructions that enable the body’s own cells to produce these proteins. This approach enhances the immune response while requiring lower doses, making it a promising platform for future vaccine development. A Long-Term Collaboration Gennova’s partnership with CEPI is not new. In August 2023, CEPI granted the company $3.6 million to optimize its saRNA technology for developing vaccines against unknown pathogenic threats, often referred to as Disease X. Sanjay Singh, CEO of Gennova Biopharmaceuticals, commented on the collaboration: “By harnessing our saRNA platform, we aim to develop a next-generation Nipah vaccine. This partnership sets a new benchmark for rapid vaccine development while ensuring equitable access and strengthening global health security.” Ensuring Equitable Access CEPI has invested over $100 million in Nipah vaccine research. Through this collaboration, Gennova has pledged to uphold CEPI’s Equitable Access Policy, ensuring that the vaccine, if successfully developed, will be made available first to at-risk populations at an affordable price. The agreement also includes provisions for technology transfer, which could support future vaccine development efforts against emerging infectious diseases.

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ADB Approves $170 Million Loan to Strengthen Health Sector in India

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The Asian Development Bank (ADB) has approved a $170 million policy-based loan to enhance India’s readiness and capability in the health sector to address future pandemics. This funding, under the Strengthened and Measurable Actions for Resilient and Transformative Health Systems (Subprogramme 1), will support the implementation of the government’s National Health Policy 2017. The policy aims to ensure universal access to high-quality healthcare services across the country. Sonalini Khetrapal, a senior health specialist at ADB, stated, “The Covid-19 pandemic has taught us valuable lessons and the adoption of several innovative practices that would significantly strengthen pandemic preparedness and response capacities if consolidated, sustained, and institutionalised. ADB has been working with the Government of India to strengthen its health system and adopt transformative solutions.” This loan will address deficiencies in governance, legislation, and institutional structures, advancing India’s objective of achieving universal access to quality and affordable healthcare services, Khetrapal added. Work Towards Disease Surveillance Systems The programme aims to enhance disease surveillance systems to promptly address public health threats. It will establish laboratory networks for monitoring infectious diseases across states, union territories, and metropolitan areas. Additionally, it will assist in developing reliable data systems to oversee and align national health initiatives targeting disadvantaged populations such as the poor and women. “The programme will improve the governance and coordination of India’s One Health approach, its multisector response to emerging infectious diseases,” the press release stated. Efforts to Implement Policy Reforms ADB will assist in implementing policy reforms aimed at ensuring sufficient and skilled healthcare professionals. This effort includes legislation to oversee and uphold educational standards, service quality, and professional ethics among nurses, midwives, allied healthcare workers, and doctors. “The programme will help public health and health management teams deployed in some states to support public health functions and improve service delivery,” the release said. The programme aims to oversee integrated public health laboratories in five states and district critical care hospital units to enhance services for infectious diseases and critical illnesses. It will aid the intersectoral governing body and multisector task force in establishing environmentally sustainable and climate-resilient healthcare facilities. Furthermore, it will promote innovative approaches to service delivery.

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