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Monday, April 13, 2026 1:48 AM

Public Health

Preventive Healthcare: Why It Matters More Than Ever

For decades, healthcare systems across the world have largely been reactive—we visit a doctor when something goes wrong. But today, that model is rapidly becoming outdated. Rising lifestyle diseases, increasing healthcare costs, and the lessons from global health crises have made one thing clear: waiting for symptoms is no longer sustainable. Preventive healthcare represents a powerful shift—from treating illness to anticipating and avoiding it altogether. It is not just a medical approach; it is a mindset, one that prioritizes long-term well-being over short-term fixes. What is Preventive Healthcare? Preventive healthcare refers to measures taken to prevent diseases before they occur or worsen. This includes: Regular health check-ups and screenings Vaccinations and immunizations Healthy lifestyle practices (diet, exercise, sleep) Mental health care and stress management Early diagnosis and timely intervention At its core, preventive care is about staying one step ahead of disease, rather than reacting after damage has been done.  Why Preventive Healthcare Matters More Than Ever 1. The Rising Burden of Lifestyle Diseases Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as diabetes, heart disease, and cancer are now the leading causes of death globally—and in India. In fact, over 60% of deaths in India are linked to preventable lifestyle diseases.  These diseases often develop silently over years. By the time symptoms appear, significant damage may already have occurred. Preventive healthcare helps detect risks early and delay or completely avoid disease onset. 2. Early Detection Saves Lives Many serious conditions—like cancer, hypertension, and diabetes—show little to no symptoms in early stages. Regular screenings can detect these conditions early, when they are easier and more effective to treat.  Research even suggests that routine preventive check-ups can significantly reduce mortality risk, especially for chronic diseases. In simple terms: Early detection = Better outcomes + Lower risk 3. Healthcare Costs Are Skyrocketing Medical treatment today is expensive—and chronic diseases often require lifelong management. Preventive healthcare helps reduce this burden by: Avoiding costly hospitalizations Minimizing long-term medication needs Reducing emergency interventions India alone is expected to face an economic burden of over ₹511 lakh crore due to NCDs by 2030.  Preventive care is not just good for health—it is financially smart. 4. Post-Pandemic Awareness and Behavior Shift The COVID-19 pandemic fundamentally changed how people view health. There is now greater awareness around: Immunity and hygiene Regular health monitoring Importance of vaccinations Preventive healthcare has evolved from being optional to essential, as individuals increasingly take responsibility for their own well-being. Mental Health is Finally in Focus Preventive healthcare is no longer limited to physical health. Rising stress, burnout, and anxiety have made mental health screening and care equally important. Early interventions—like counseling, mindfulness, and stress management—can prevent long-term psychological issues and improve overall quality of life.  6. Technology is Making Prevention Smarter The integration of technology is revolutionizing preventive healthcare: Wearables track heart rate, sleep, and activity AI predicts disease risks using health data Telemedicine enables early consultations Predictive analytics can now identify at-risk individuals even before symptoms appear, enabling personalized and timely interventions.  This shift is transforming healthcare from generalized treatment to personalized prevention. The Indian Context: A Critical Turning Point India is at a unique crossroads: A young population increasingly affected by lifestyle diseases Rising urbanization and sedentary lifestyles Growing healthcare costs and infrastructure gaps Historically, India has focused more on curative care, but the trend is shifting. Preventive healthcare is gaining momentum, driven by: Increased awareness Growth of digital health platforms Expansion of diagnostics and wellness sectors The preventive healthcare market in India is also growing rapidly, reflecting a broader societal shift toward proactive health management. Key Pillars of Preventive Healthcare 1. Regular Health Screenings Routine tests like blood sugar, cholesterol, and cancer screenings help detect risks early. 2. Healthy Lifestyle Choices Balanced nutrition, physical activity, and adequate sleep form the foundation of prevention. 3. Vaccination & Immunization Vaccines remain one of the most effective preventive tools in public health. 4. Mental Well-being Stress management, therapy, and emotional resilience are essential components. 5. Health Awareness & Education Informed individuals make better health decisions—prevention starts with awareness. Challenges in Adoption Despite its importance, preventive healthcare faces several barriers: Lack of awareness and health literacy Cultural tendency to seek care only when ill Accessibility issues in rural areas Perception of preventive care as an “extra cost” In reality, the cost of inaction is far greater. The Way Forward: Building a Preventive Culture To truly benefit from preventive healthcare, a collective effort is needed: Individuals must prioritize regular check-ups and healthy habits Institutions should integrate health programs and awareness initiatives Governments must invest in accessible preventive services Healthcare providers should promote early intervention models The goal is to move from a “sick-care system” to a “health-care system.” Conclusion: Prevention is the New Cure Preventive healthcare is no longer a luxury—it is a necessity in today’s fast-paced, high-risk world. It empowers individuals to take control of their health, reduces the burden on healthcare systems, and ensures a better quality of life. The future of healthcare lies not in hospitals alone, but in daily choices, early actions, and informed decisions. Because ultimately, the most effective treatment is the one you never need.

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Diabetes Driving India’s Silent Liver Disease Crisis, Study Warns

A groundbreaking study has revealed that Type 2 diabetes is emerging as a major cause of advanced liver disease in India, often progressing unnoticed until it becomes life-threatening. Published in The Lancet, the DiaFib-Liver Study is the largest real-world research of its kind in a developing country, highlighting the liver as a critical yet overlooked organ at risk among diabetic patients. The study, which assessed 9,202 adults across 27 healthcare centres, found that nearly 25% of patients had significant liver fibrosis, while about 14% had advanced disease. Alarmingly, around 5% had already reached a stage suggestive of cirrhosis—despite showing no obvious symptoms. Experts note a shift in the primary causes of severe liver conditions, with diabetes and obesity now surpassing viral infections like Hepatitis B and C. The underlying mechanism involves fat accumulation in the liver, leading to insulin resistance, chronic inflammation, and eventual scarring. Interestingly, the research also challenges the belief that liver disease primarily affects overweight individuals. Cases were observed even among lean patients, with a phenomenon termed “burnt-out” liver disease—where fat diminishes as fibrosis worsens—making detection even more difficult. Given that liver damage often remains silent until advanced stages, researchers emphasize the need for improved screening. They recommend tools like the FIB-4 score, derived from routine blood tests, and FibroScan imaging for early detection, instead of relying solely on ultrasounds. Encouragingly, the study highlights that early-stage liver damage can be reversed. A 5% reduction in body weight may reverse fibrosis in many cases, while a 10% reduction can significantly slow disease progression. With India home to over 10 crore diabetics and millions more at risk, integrating liver health checks into diabetes care programs could be key to preventing a large-scale health crisis. Source: TNN

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India Among Nations with Highest Maternal Deaths in 2023 Despite Significant Progress: Global Study

A recent global analysis published in The Lancet Obstetrics, Gynaecology, and Women’s Health has highlighted that India remains among the nations with the highest number of maternal deaths in 2023, reporting approximately 24,700 fatalities. This corresponds to a maternal mortality ratio (MMR) of 116 deaths per one lakh live births. Other countries with significant figures include Pakistan with 10,300 deaths, and African nations such as Ethiopia and Nigeria reporting 11,900 and 32,900 deaths respectively. The study, conducted by researchers from the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation at the University of Washington along with global collaborators, notes that while maternal mortality has declined significantly over the past 30 years, the pace of improvement has slowed and disparities across regions persist. The findings are part of the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2023 assessment, which evaluates trends across 204 countries. In contrast, India’s latest Sample Registration System (SRS) data for 2021–23 shows a lower MMR of 88 per one lakh live births, reflecting continued national progress. Government sources also point out that India has achieved an 86% reduction in maternal mortality since 1990, surpassing the global average decline and aligning with its commitment to meet the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) target of reducing MMR below 70 by 2030. Globally, maternal deaths stood at around 240,000 in 2023, with an MMR of 190.5—down by more than one-third from 1990 levels. However, over half of the countries studied are still above the SDG threshold. The leading causes of maternal deaths worldwide include severe bleeding and pregnancy-related hypertensive disorders. Experts emphasize that expanding access to antenatal care, ensuring safe childbirth services, strengthening emergency obstetric care, and improving postnatal follow-up can significantly reduce maternal deaths. The study also noted that the COVID-19 pandemic temporarily reversed progress, contributing to increased maternal mortality during its early phase. With less than five years left to achieve global targets, the report calls for renewed focus, stronger health systems, and sustained investments to accelerate progress in maternal health outcomes. Source: PTI

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Climate Action Could Prevent 13.5 Million Air Pollution Deaths by 2050: Global Study

A new study published in The Lancet Global Health reveals that strong climate action aimed at limiting global warming to 2°C could prevent more than 13.5 million premature deaths caused by air pollution by 2050—primarily in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The research, led by experts including those from The University of Texas at Austin, highlights that the scale and distribution of health benefits depend significantly on how global climate mitigation efforts are shared among nations. According to the findings, a “least-cost” approach—where emissions are reduced wherever it is cheapest—places a heavier burden on LMICs. However, this model also delivers the greatest improvements in air quality in those regions, resulting in the highest number of lives saved. In contrast, an “equity-based” approach, where wealthier nations take on a larger share of emissions reduction, eases the financial burden on developing countries. But this could lead to nearly four million fewer lives saved, as emissions cuts may not occur in the most pollution-affected regions. Co-author Mark Budolfson noted a critical dilemma between climate justice and maximizing health outcomes, explaining that shifting mitigation responsibility to richer nations may unintentionally reduce life-saving air quality improvements in poorer countries. The study also evaluated a third scenario that combines equity with targeted air pollution controls in LMICs—such as reducing soot and sulphur dioxide emissions through advanced technologies in industries like power generation. This approach emerged as the most effective, balancing fairness with maximum health benefits. Another co-author, Noah Scovronick of Emory University, stressed the importance of designing climate policies that prioritize both justice and public health. He emphasized that developing nations must not miss the opportunity to achieve significant reductions in air pollution while transitioning to cleaner systems. The study underscores the need for global cooperation to craft climate strategies that are both equitable and life-saving. Source: PTI

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Women in India Report Greater Sleep Deprivation Than Men: 2026 Global Sleep Survey

Women in India Report Greater Sleep Deprivation Than Men: 2026 Global Sleep Survey Women in India are experiencing higher levels of sleep deprivation than men, facing more difficulty falling asleep and greater sleep disruption due to stress and family responsibilities, according to the 2026 Global Sleep Survey conducted by ResMed. The survey gathered responses from 30,000 participants across 13 countries, including 5,000 respondents in India. The findings point to a growing awareness of sleep as a vital component of overall health, while also revealing a persistent gap between recognising its importance and achieving consistent, quality rest. Sleep Awareness Rising, But Quality Lags In India, 44 per cent of respondents ranked sleep among the most important behaviours for living a long and healthy life, placing it alongside diet and exercise. However, more than half (53 per cent) reported getting quality sleep on only four nights a week or fewer, highlighting the disconnect between awareness and actual outcomes. Globally, 90 per cent of respondents acknowledged that regular, good-quality sleep contributes to longevity and better health. Gender Gap in Sleep Health The survey revealed clear differences in sleep experiences between men and women in India: 38 per cent of women reported difficulty falling asleep, compared to 29 per cent of men. Stress and anxiety disrupted sleep for 42 per cent of women, versus 36 per cent of men. Family responsibilities affected 39 per cent of women, compared to 33 per cent of men. These findings suggest that social, emotional and caregiving pressures may disproportionately impact women’s sleep health. Stress and Work Among Top Disruptors Across all respondents in India, stress or anxiety emerged as the leading barrier to consistent sleep (39 per cent), followed by work-related responsibilities (37 per cent) and household duties (31 per cent). The consequences extend beyond tiredness. After a poor night’s sleep: 39 per cent felt more stressed, 35 per cent reported increased irritability, and 30 per cent said they felt more depressed. This underscores the strong connection between sleep quality and mental wellbeing. Impact on Workplace Productivity Sleep deprivation is also affecting professional performance. About 71 per cent of working respondents said insufficient sleep reduces their focus and productivity. Meanwhile, 57 per cent felt that sleep health is not adequately prioritised in workplace culture. Notably, 77 per cent admitted to taking a “snooze day” — calling in sick after a poor night’s sleep. At the same time, 72 per cent said flexible working arrangements help them manage their sleep better, indicating the importance of organisational support in improving sleep outcomes. Healthcare and Technology’s Role Encouragingly, 78 per cent of Indian respondents said they would consult a healthcare provider for persistent sleep issues, and 68 per cent reported having already discussed sleep health with a clinician. However, only 69 per cent recalled being asked about sleep during routine medical check-ups, suggesting room for more proactive screening. Technology is increasingly shaping sleep awareness. Around 75 per cent of Indians said they track their sleep at least occasionally using wearable devices such as smartwatches and fitness bands. Among those users, 66 per cent indicated they would seek medical advice if their device flagged a potential health concern. A Growing Public Health Priority Conducted between December 11, 2025, and January 14, 2026, across markets including the United States, China, India, the United Kingdom, Germany, France, Australia, Japan, Korea, Brazil, Poland, Singapore and Mexico, the survey used samples representative of national age and gender distributions. The findings position sleep as an emerging public health priority in India. While awareness of its importance is high, consistent behavioural change remains uneven. Experts suggest that enhanced public education, routine screening, supportive workplace policies and early diagnosis of sleep disorders could help close the gap between recognition and restorative rest.

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1 in 7 Stroke Patients in India Below 45, Says National Registry Analysis

Nearly one in seven stroke patients in India is under the age of 45, while delayed hospital arrival continues to undermine survival and recovery, according to findings from the country’s largest hospital-based stroke registry study published in the International Journal of Stroke. The analysis, led by Prashant Mathur of the ICMR–National Centre for Disease Informatics and Research (ICMR-NCDIR) along with investigators from the National Stroke Registry Programme, reviewed 34,792 stroke cases recorded across 30 hospitals between 2020 and 2022. The mean age of patients was 59.4 years, but 13.8 per cent were younger than 45, highlighting the rising burden of stroke among younger Indians. Men accounted for 63.4 per cent of cases, while 72.1 per cent of patients were from rural areas, underscoring disparities in awareness, prevention and access to timely care. Hypertension emerged as the most significant risk factor, present in 74.5 per cent of patients. Diabetes affected 27.3 per cent, smokeless tobacco use 28.5 per cent, tobacco smoking 22.6 per cent and alcohol consumption 20.2 per cent. The study observed gender differences, with women showing higher rates of hypertension and diabetes, while men reported greater tobacco and alcohol use. Timely treatment remains a major challenge. Only 20 per cent of patients reached hospital within the critical 4.5-hour window for emergency stroke therapy, while 37.8 per cent arrived after 24 hours. Consequently, just 4.6 per cent of ischemic stroke patients received intravenous thrombolysis and 0.7 per cent underwent mechanical thrombectomy. Delayed hospital arrival, imaging bottlenecks and limited availability of medicines were cited as key barriers. Ischemic strokes accounted for 60 per cent of cases, while intracerebral haemorrhage comprised 34.2 per cent. Dr Manjari Tripathi, Head of Neurology at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS Delhi), stressed the urgency of rapid response. She emphasised that patients should reach hospital within three hours, undergo immediate brain imaging and receive thrombolysis without delay if eligible, noting that every minute of delay leads to irreversible brain damage and long-term disability. Outcomes remain severe. In-hospital mortality stood at 13.9 per cent, rising to nearly 28 per cent at three months, suggesting many deaths occurred after discharge. Overall, more than half of patients experienced poor outcomes — defined as death or significant disability. Women were more likely than men to have disability at follow-up, indicating possible gaps in rehabilitation and post-discharge care. Recurrent stroke within three months was reported in 1.1 per cent of patients. Researchers called for stronger control of hypertension and diabetes, tobacco cessation efforts, faster referral systems and improved access to acute stroke care, particularly in rural India. Without stronger prevention and rapid treatment systems, they warned, stroke will continue to affect younger populations and leave families facing avoidable disability. Source: TNN

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Physical Inactivity Linked to 13% of Heart Failure Cases Among Diabetics in India: Global Study

A global study has found that more than 13 per cent of heart failure cases among people living with diabetes in India may be attributed to physical inactivity, underscoring the growing health burden linked to sedentary lifestyles. The research, published in the Journal of Sport and Health Science, estimates that 9.6 per cent of coronary heart disease cases and 9.4 per cent of cardiovascular complications among diabetics in India are also associated with insufficient physical activity. On a global scale, researchers reported that nearly one in ten cases of macrovascular complications—conditions affecting large blood vessels—as well as diabetic retinopathy in individuals with diabetes can be traced to a lack of regular exercise. Lead author Jayne Feter from the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul said the findings challenge the perception that diabetes-related complications are unavoidable. According to her, a substantial proportion of these conditions could be prevented through realistic and sustained increases in physical activity. The World Health Organization recommends at least 150 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity per week. The study analysed data from over 2.3 million adults with diabetes across multiple global regions, including South Asia. Globally, physical inactivity was linked to over 10 per cent of stroke cases, 9.7 per cent of diabetic retinopathy cases, 7.3 per cent of heart failure cases, and roughly five to seven per cent of cardiovascular and coronary heart disease cases among diabetics. The researchers also observed that women and individuals with lower educational attainment face a disproportionately higher risk of complications related to physical inactivity, highlighting persistent social and gender inequities in health outcomes. India accounts for more than a quarter of the world’s diabetic population, according to a 2024 study published in The Lancet. Long-term elevated blood sugar levels can damage blood vessels and nerves, leading to serious complications that increasingly strain healthcare systems. The authors emphasised that integrating structured physical activity promotion into routine diabetes care and national strategies to combat noncommunicable diseases is essential. Co-author Natan Feter from the University of Southern California said policies must be adapted to local contexts and directly address social and gender disparities to effectively reduce hospitalisations, disability, and rising healthcare costs. Source: PTI

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PGIMER Doctors Make Major Breakthrough in Treatment of Deadly Celphos Poisoning

Doctors at the Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, have achieved a significant medical breakthrough in treating aluminium phosphide poisoning—commonly known as Celphos—one of the most lethal forms of pesticide poisoning in India. In a first-of-its-kind clinical study, researchers from PGIMER’s Department of Internal Medicine have demonstrated that intravenous lipid emulsion (ILE) can act as a life-saving therapy when used alongside standard treatment. The findings mark a major advancement in managing a condition that has historically carried a very high mortality rate. The study has been published in the internationally respected European Review of Medical and Pharmacological Sciences, earning global recognition. The research was conducted under the guidance of Dr Sanjay Jain, Dean (Academics) and Professor & Head of Internal Medicine at PGIMER, whose leadership in emergency and critical care was instrumental in treating severely ill patients. The study was funded by the Medical Education and Research Cell, PGIMER, reflecting strong institutional backing for impactful clinical research. The randomised clinical trial was led by Dr Mandip Singh Bhatia, Associate Professor of Internal Medicine, PGIMER, as the principal investigator, with Dr Saurabh Chandrabhan Sharda serving as co-investigator, along with other faculty members from the department. According to the study, patients who received intravenous lipid emulsion in addition to conventional medical therapy showed a significant reduction in mortality. They also experienced quicker correction of severe metabolic acidosis, improved blood pressure stability, and better overall outcomes, even in cases involving shock and cardiac complications. Researchers noted that early administration of the therapy can substantially change the clinical course of aluminium phosphide poisoning. A key strength of this treatment is its feasibility. Intravenous lipid emulsion is affordable, widely available, and already stocked in most hospitals across India, including district and peripheral healthcare centres. This makes it especially valuable for rural and remote areas, where Celphos poisoning is most prevalent and access to advanced critical care is limited. Aluminium phosphide poisoning remains a major public-health concern, particularly in agricultural states such as Punjab, Haryana and Uttar Pradesh, where the chemical is commonly used as a grain preservative. The availability of an effective, low-cost, and evidence-based treatment could have a transformative impact in these high-burden regions. The study further reinforces PGIMER’s commitment to research that addresses region-specific health challenges and delivers tangible benefits to local populations. Source: PTI  

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Nipah outbreak under control in India, government says as neighbouring countries step up vigilance

Indian authorities have moved to reassure the region after confirming that a recent outbreak of the Nipah virus has been successfully contained. The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare said late Tuesday that swift action helped prevent further spread after two cases were detected in West Bengal. According to the ministry, a total of 196 contacts linked to the confirmed cases were traced, monitored and tested, with all results returning negative. Officials said the clarification was issued to counter what they described as “speculative and inaccurate reporting” in sections of the media. “The situation is under constant monitoring and all necessary public health measures are in place,” the ministry said, noting that enhanced surveillance, laboratory testing and field investigations have been rolled out to ensure early detection of any new cases. Despite India’s assurance, several Asian countries have introduced additional health screening for travellers arriving from India. China said it was tightening disease prevention measures in border regions, with state media reporting risk assessments and specialised training for medical personnel. Countries including Indonesia and Thailand have stepped up airport checks through health declarations, temperature screening and visual assessments. Myanmar advised against non-essential travel to West Bengal and intensified fever surveillance at airports, a system originally introduced during the Covid-19 pandemic. Vietnam and Malaysia also directed authorities to strengthen monitoring at borders, ports of entry and healthcare facilities. The Nipah virus, a zoonotic disease first identified in Malaysia in the late 1990s, spreads through fruit bats, pigs and close human contact. There is no vaccine or specific treatment, with care limited to managing symptoms and complications. With a fatality rate estimated by the World Health Organization at 40–75%, Nipah is considered significantly more lethal than coronavirus infections. The first known human outbreak in 1998 led to more than 100 deaths among pig farmers and butchers in Malaysia and Singapore. Since then, sporadic outbreaks have been reported in Bangladesh, the Philippines and India, with Kerala witnessing Nipah cases almost annually since 2018. Source: Aljazeera

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