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Climate Action Could Prevent 13.5 Million Air Pollution Deaths by 2050: Global Study

/ Health & Wellness Community

A new study published in The Lancet Global Health reveals that strong climate action aimed at limiting global warming to 2°C could prevent more than 13.5 million premature deaths caused by air pollution by 2050—primarily in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The research, led by experts including those from The University of Texas at Austin, highlights that the scale and distribution of health benefits depend significantly on how global climate mitigation efforts are shared among nations. According to the findings, a “least-cost” approach—where emissions are reduced wherever it is cheapest—places a heavier burden on LMICs. However, this model also delivers the greatest improvements in air quality in those regions, resulting in the highest number of lives saved. In contrast, an “equity-based” approach, where wealthier nations take on a larger share of emissions reduction, eases the financial burden on developing countries. But this could lead to nearly four million fewer lives saved, as emissions cuts may not occur in the most pollution-affected regions. Co-author Mark Budolfson noted a critical dilemma between climate justice and maximizing health outcomes, explaining that shifting mitigation responsibility to richer nations may unintentionally reduce life-saving air quality improvements in poorer countries. The study also evaluated a third scenario that combines equity with targeted air pollution controls in LMICs—such as reducing soot and sulphur dioxide emissions through advanced technologies in industries like power generation. This approach emerged as the most effective, balancing fairness with maximum health benefits. Another co-author, Noah Scovronick of Emory University, stressed the importance of designing climate policies that prioritize both justice and public health. He emphasized that developing nations must not miss the opportunity to achieve significant reductions in air pollution while transitioning to cleaner systems. The study underscores the need for global cooperation to craft climate strategies that are both equitable and life-saving. Source: PTI

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Women in India Report Greater Sleep Deprivation Than Men: 2026 Global Sleep Survey

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Women in India Report Greater Sleep Deprivation Than Men: 2026 Global Sleep Survey Women in India are experiencing higher levels of sleep deprivation than men, facing more difficulty falling asleep and greater sleep disruption due to stress and family responsibilities, according to the 2026 Global Sleep Survey conducted by ResMed. The survey gathered responses from 30,000 participants across 13 countries, including 5,000 respondents in India. The findings point to a growing awareness of sleep as a vital component of overall health, while also revealing a persistent gap between recognising its importance and achieving consistent, quality rest. Sleep Awareness Rising, But Quality Lags In India, 44 per cent of respondents ranked sleep among the most important behaviours for living a long and healthy life, placing it alongside diet and exercise. However, more than half (53 per cent) reported getting quality sleep on only four nights a week or fewer, highlighting the disconnect between awareness and actual outcomes. Globally, 90 per cent of respondents acknowledged that regular, good-quality sleep contributes to longevity and better health. Gender Gap in Sleep Health The survey revealed clear differences in sleep experiences between men and women in India: 38 per cent of women reported difficulty falling asleep, compared to 29 per cent of men. Stress and anxiety disrupted sleep for 42 per cent of women, versus 36 per cent of men. Family responsibilities affected 39 per cent of women, compared to 33 per cent of men. These findings suggest that social, emotional and caregiving pressures may disproportionately impact women’s sleep health. Stress and Work Among Top Disruptors Across all respondents in India, stress or anxiety emerged as the leading barrier to consistent sleep (39 per cent), followed by work-related responsibilities (37 per cent) and household duties (31 per cent). The consequences extend beyond tiredness. After a poor night’s sleep: 39 per cent felt more stressed, 35 per cent reported increased irritability, and 30 per cent said they felt more depressed. This underscores the strong connection between sleep quality and mental wellbeing. Impact on Workplace Productivity Sleep deprivation is also affecting professional performance. About 71 per cent of working respondents said insufficient sleep reduces their focus and productivity. Meanwhile, 57 per cent felt that sleep health is not adequately prioritised in workplace culture. Notably, 77 per cent admitted to taking a “snooze day” — calling in sick after a poor night’s sleep. At the same time, 72 per cent said flexible working arrangements help them manage their sleep better, indicating the importance of organisational support in improving sleep outcomes. Healthcare and Technology’s Role Encouragingly, 78 per cent of Indian respondents said they would consult a healthcare provider for persistent sleep issues, and 68 per cent reported having already discussed sleep health with a clinician. However, only 69 per cent recalled being asked about sleep during routine medical check-ups, suggesting room for more proactive screening. Technology is increasingly shaping sleep awareness. Around 75 per cent of Indians said they track their sleep at least occasionally using wearable devices such as smartwatches and fitness bands. Among those users, 66 per cent indicated they would seek medical advice if their device flagged a potential health concern. A Growing Public Health Priority Conducted between December 11, 2025, and January 14, 2026, across markets including the United States, China, India, the United Kingdom, Germany, France, Australia, Japan, Korea, Brazil, Poland, Singapore and Mexico, the survey used samples representative of national age and gender distributions. The findings position sleep as an emerging public health priority in India. While awareness of its importance is high, consistent behavioural change remains uneven. Experts suggest that enhanced public education, routine screening, supportive workplace policies and early diagnosis of sleep disorders could help close the gap between recognition and restorative rest.

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1 in 7 Stroke Patients in India Below 45, Says National Registry Analysis

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Nearly one in seven stroke patients in India is under the age of 45, while delayed hospital arrival continues to undermine survival and recovery, according to findings from the country’s largest hospital-based stroke registry study published in the International Journal of Stroke. The analysis, led by Prashant Mathur of the ICMR–National Centre for Disease Informatics and Research (ICMR-NCDIR) along with investigators from the National Stroke Registry Programme, reviewed 34,792 stroke cases recorded across 30 hospitals between 2020 and 2022. The mean age of patients was 59.4 years, but 13.8 per cent were younger than 45, highlighting the rising burden of stroke among younger Indians. Men accounted for 63.4 per cent of cases, while 72.1 per cent of patients were from rural areas, underscoring disparities in awareness, prevention and access to timely care. Hypertension emerged as the most significant risk factor, present in 74.5 per cent of patients. Diabetes affected 27.3 per cent, smokeless tobacco use 28.5 per cent, tobacco smoking 22.6 per cent and alcohol consumption 20.2 per cent. The study observed gender differences, with women showing higher rates of hypertension and diabetes, while men reported greater tobacco and alcohol use. Timely treatment remains a major challenge. Only 20 per cent of patients reached hospital within the critical 4.5-hour window for emergency stroke therapy, while 37.8 per cent arrived after 24 hours. Consequently, just 4.6 per cent of ischemic stroke patients received intravenous thrombolysis and 0.7 per cent underwent mechanical thrombectomy. Delayed hospital arrival, imaging bottlenecks and limited availability of medicines were cited as key barriers. Ischemic strokes accounted for 60 per cent of cases, while intracerebral haemorrhage comprised 34.2 per cent. Dr Manjari Tripathi, Head of Neurology at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS Delhi), stressed the urgency of rapid response. She emphasised that patients should reach hospital within three hours, undergo immediate brain imaging and receive thrombolysis without delay if eligible, noting that every minute of delay leads to irreversible brain damage and long-term disability. Outcomes remain severe. In-hospital mortality stood at 13.9 per cent, rising to nearly 28 per cent at three months, suggesting many deaths occurred after discharge. Overall, more than half of patients experienced poor outcomes — defined as death or significant disability. Women were more likely than men to have disability at follow-up, indicating possible gaps in rehabilitation and post-discharge care. Recurrent stroke within three months was reported in 1.1 per cent of patients. Researchers called for stronger control of hypertension and diabetes, tobacco cessation efforts, faster referral systems and improved access to acute stroke care, particularly in rural India. Without stronger prevention and rapid treatment systems, they warned, stroke will continue to affect younger populations and leave families facing avoidable disability. Source: TNN

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Physical Inactivity Linked to 13% of Heart Failure Cases Among Diabetics in India: Global Study

/ Health & Wellness Community

A global study has found that more than 13 per cent of heart failure cases among people living with diabetes in India may be attributed to physical inactivity, underscoring the growing health burden linked to sedentary lifestyles. The research, published in the Journal of Sport and Health Science, estimates that 9.6 per cent of coronary heart disease cases and 9.4 per cent of cardiovascular complications among diabetics in India are also associated with insufficient physical activity. On a global scale, researchers reported that nearly one in ten cases of macrovascular complications—conditions affecting large blood vessels—as well as diabetic retinopathy in individuals with diabetes can be traced to a lack of regular exercise. Lead author Jayne Feter from the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul said the findings challenge the perception that diabetes-related complications are unavoidable. According to her, a substantial proportion of these conditions could be prevented through realistic and sustained increases in physical activity. The World Health Organization recommends at least 150 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity per week. The study analysed data from over 2.3 million adults with diabetes across multiple global regions, including South Asia. Globally, physical inactivity was linked to over 10 per cent of stroke cases, 9.7 per cent of diabetic retinopathy cases, 7.3 per cent of heart failure cases, and roughly five to seven per cent of cardiovascular and coronary heart disease cases among diabetics. The researchers also observed that women and individuals with lower educational attainment face a disproportionately higher risk of complications related to physical inactivity, highlighting persistent social and gender inequities in health outcomes. India accounts for more than a quarter of the world’s diabetic population, according to a 2024 study published in The Lancet. Long-term elevated blood sugar levels can damage blood vessels and nerves, leading to serious complications that increasingly strain healthcare systems. The authors emphasised that integrating structured physical activity promotion into routine diabetes care and national strategies to combat noncommunicable diseases is essential. Co-author Natan Feter from the University of Southern California said policies must be adapted to local contexts and directly address social and gender disparities to effectively reduce hospitalisations, disability, and rising healthcare costs. Source: PTI

Physical Inactivity Linked to 13% of Heart Failure Cases Among Diabetics in India: Global Study Read More »

PGIMER Doctors Make Major Breakthrough in Treatment of Deadly Celphos Poisoning

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Doctors at the Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, have achieved a significant medical breakthrough in treating aluminium phosphide poisoning—commonly known as Celphos—one of the most lethal forms of pesticide poisoning in India. In a first-of-its-kind clinical study, researchers from PGIMER’s Department of Internal Medicine have demonstrated that intravenous lipid emulsion (ILE) can act as a life-saving therapy when used alongside standard treatment. The findings mark a major advancement in managing a condition that has historically carried a very high mortality rate. The study has been published in the internationally respected European Review of Medical and Pharmacological Sciences, earning global recognition. The research was conducted under the guidance of Dr Sanjay Jain, Dean (Academics) and Professor & Head of Internal Medicine at PGIMER, whose leadership in emergency and critical care was instrumental in treating severely ill patients. The study was funded by the Medical Education and Research Cell, PGIMER, reflecting strong institutional backing for impactful clinical research. The randomised clinical trial was led by Dr Mandip Singh Bhatia, Associate Professor of Internal Medicine, PGIMER, as the principal investigator, with Dr Saurabh Chandrabhan Sharda serving as co-investigator, along with other faculty members from the department. According to the study, patients who received intravenous lipid emulsion in addition to conventional medical therapy showed a significant reduction in mortality. They also experienced quicker correction of severe metabolic acidosis, improved blood pressure stability, and better overall outcomes, even in cases involving shock and cardiac complications. Researchers noted that early administration of the therapy can substantially change the clinical course of aluminium phosphide poisoning. A key strength of this treatment is its feasibility. Intravenous lipid emulsion is affordable, widely available, and already stocked in most hospitals across India, including district and peripheral healthcare centres. This makes it especially valuable for rural and remote areas, where Celphos poisoning is most prevalent and access to advanced critical care is limited. Aluminium phosphide poisoning remains a major public-health concern, particularly in agricultural states such as Punjab, Haryana and Uttar Pradesh, where the chemical is commonly used as a grain preservative. The availability of an effective, low-cost, and evidence-based treatment could have a transformative impact in these high-burden regions. The study further reinforces PGIMER’s commitment to research that addresses region-specific health challenges and delivers tangible benefits to local populations. Source: PTI  

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Nipah outbreak under control in India, government says as neighbouring countries step up vigilance

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Indian authorities have moved to reassure the region after confirming that a recent outbreak of the Nipah virus has been successfully contained. The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare said late Tuesday that swift action helped prevent further spread after two cases were detected in West Bengal. According to the ministry, a total of 196 contacts linked to the confirmed cases were traced, monitored and tested, with all results returning negative. Officials said the clarification was issued to counter what they described as “speculative and inaccurate reporting” in sections of the media. “The situation is under constant monitoring and all necessary public health measures are in place,” the ministry said, noting that enhanced surveillance, laboratory testing and field investigations have been rolled out to ensure early detection of any new cases. Despite India’s assurance, several Asian countries have introduced additional health screening for travellers arriving from India. China said it was tightening disease prevention measures in border regions, with state media reporting risk assessments and specialised training for medical personnel. Countries including Indonesia and Thailand have stepped up airport checks through health declarations, temperature screening and visual assessments. Myanmar advised against non-essential travel to West Bengal and intensified fever surveillance at airports, a system originally introduced during the Covid-19 pandemic. Vietnam and Malaysia also directed authorities to strengthen monitoring at borders, ports of entry and healthcare facilities. The Nipah virus, a zoonotic disease first identified in Malaysia in the late 1990s, spreads through fruit bats, pigs and close human contact. There is no vaccine or specific treatment, with care limited to managing symptoms and complications. With a fatality rate estimated by the World Health Organization at 40–75%, Nipah is considered significantly more lethal than coronavirus infections. The first known human outbreak in 1998 led to more than 100 deaths among pig farmers and butchers in Malaysia and Singapore. Since then, sporadic outbreaks have been reported in Bangladesh, the Philippines and India, with Kerala witnessing Nipah cases almost annually since 2018. Source: Aljazeera

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WHO Urges Governments to Raise Taxes on Sugary Drinks and Alcohol to Curb Rising Health Risks

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The World Health Organization (WHO) has urged governments worldwide to sharply increase taxes on sugary drinks and alcoholic beverages, warning that persistently low tax rates are making these harmful products more affordable and driving a surge in preventable diseases. Releasing two new global reports on Tuesday (January 13, 2026), the WHO said falling prices of sugary drinks and alcohol are contributing to rising cases of obesity, diabetes, heart disease, cancers and injury-related deaths, particularly among children and young adults. Weak taxation policies, the agency noted, are allowing these products to stay cheap while public health systems struggle under the growing burden of noncommunicable diseases. “Health taxes are among the most effective tools to protect people’s health,” said WHO Director-General Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus. He emphasized that higher taxes on tobacco, alcohol and sugary drinks can curb harmful consumption while generating much-needed revenue for healthcare services. According to the WHO, the global market for sugary drinks and alcoholic beverages earns billions in profits, yet governments collect only a small fraction through health-focused taxes. This imbalance leaves societies to shoulder the long-term health and economic consequences. The reports highlight that while at least 116 countries tax sugary drinks, many high-sugar products — including 100% fruit juices, sweetened milk beverages, and ready-to-drink coffees and teas — remain untaxed. Although 97% of countries impose taxes on energy drinks, this figure has not improved since 2023. On alcohol, the WHO found that 167 countries levy some form of tax, while 12 have complete bans. However, alcohol has become more affordable in many regions since 2022 because tax rates have not kept pace with inflation and rising incomes. Notably, wine remains untaxed in at least 25 countries, largely in Europe, despite its known health risks. The WHO stressed that while industries continue to profit, the public bears the health fallout and societies absorb the economic costs. To address this, the organization has launched its “3 by 35” initiative, calling on countries to increase and restructure taxes so that the real prices of tobacco, alcohol and sugary drinks rise by 2035, making them less accessible and reducing harm over time. Source: The Hindu

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India Bears Second-Highest Global Economic Burden from Diabetes: Study

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India is facing the world’s second-largest economic burden due to diabetes, estimated at USD 11.4 trillion, according to a new international study. The United States tops the list with costs of USD 16.5 trillion, followed by China at USD 11 trillion. The study, conducted by researchers from institutions including the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis and the Vienna University of Economics and Business in Austria, assessed the economic impact of diabetes across 204 countries between 2020 and 2050. The findings have been published in the journal Nature Medicine. Globally, diabetes-related costs are estimated at nearly USD 10 trillion when excluding unpaid care provided by family members, accounting for about 0.2 per cent of the world’s annual GDP. However, when informal caregiving is included, the total economic burden surges to USD 152 trillion, or roughly 1.7 per cent of global GDP. Researchers noted that informal care alone contributes close to 90 per cent of the total economic burden, as people with diabetes live significantly longer with the condition than they face mortality risks. This extended care often forces family caregivers to reduce work hours or exit the labour market, adding to economic losses. In purchasing power terms, the study estimated diabetes-related costs at INT$ 1.6 trillion for India, INT$ 2.5 trillion for the United States, and INT$ 1.0 trillion for China. When losses from informal care are included, the figures rise sharply, with India’s burden reaching INT$ 11.4 trillion. For India and China, the high costs are largely driven by the sheer size of the diabetic population, while in the United States, higher treatment expenses and diversion of physical capital are the main contributors. The study also highlighted stark disparities between high- and low-income countries, noting that treatment costs form a much larger share of the burden in wealthier nations due to better access to medical care. The researchers stressed that diabetes poses a greater economic challenge globally than conditions such as cancer or Alzheimer’s disease. They emphasized that prevention through healthier lifestyles, including regular exercise and balanced diets, remains the most effective strategy to curb both health and economic impacts. Widespread screening, early diagnosis, and timely treatment were also identified as critical measures. According to earlier research published in The Lancet in November 2024, more than a quarter of the world’s diabetic population currently lives in India. Source: PTI

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WHO Report Finds Less Than 5% of Disease-Focused Genomic Studies Conducted in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

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A recent global analysis by the World Health Organization (WHO) has revealed a sharp imbalance in disease-focused genomic research, with low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) accounting for less than five per cent of such studies worldwide. According to the WHO, more than 6,500 genomic clinical studies were registered globally between 1990 and 2024 through its International Clinical Trials Registry Platform. The number of studies rose sharply after 2010, driven by rapid advancements in genome sequencing technologies, reduced costs, and expanding clinical applications. Despite this growth, over 80 per cent of genomic research remains concentrated in high-income countries. China emerged as the leading country in terms of the total number of registered genomic clinical studies over the past three decades, followed by the United States and Italy. India ranked among the top 20 countries globally. However, the report noted that LMICs are rarely in leadership roles within such research. India participated in 235 studies, while Egypt, South Africa, and Nigeria featured in 38, 17, and 14 studies respectively—mostly as part of multi-country collaborations rather than as lead partners. The analysis, titled “Human genomics technologies in clinical studies: the research landscape,” highlighted that cancer, rare diseases, and metabolic disorders together account for more than 75 per cent of all genomic studies globally. While these areas were early adopters of genomic approaches, the report flagged a major gap in research on infectious diseases. Communicable diseases such as tuberculosis, HIV, and malaria represented just three per cent of all genomic studies, despite their significant contribution to the global disease burden—particularly in low-resource settings. The authors described this as a missed opportunity to use genomics to better understand disease susceptibility, treatment response, and host–pathogen interactions. The WHO study also pointed to demographic gaps in genomic research. Over three-quarters of studies focused on adults aged 18 to 64, while only 4.6 per cent targeted children and just 3.3 per cent involved older adults. Calling for urgent action, the WHO urged more inclusive, geographically balanced, and locally relevant genomic research. Recommendations included greater investment in genomic infrastructure and research capacity in underrepresented regions, stronger leadership from LMIC-based institutions, better alignment of research priorities with local disease burdens, and increased inclusion of children, older adults, and other underrepresented populations. Source: PTI

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Climate change–driven heat and humidity may worsen child stunting in South Asia by 2050: Study

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Rising temperatures combined with increasing humidity due to climate change could significantly worsen child health outcomes in South Asia, potentially leading to more than three million additional cases of stunting by 2050, according to a new study. The research, conducted by scientists at the University of California, Santa Barbara, examined how exposure to extreme heat and humid conditions during pregnancy affects early childhood development in one of the world’s most densely populated regions. The findings were published in the journal Science. The study focused on “height-for-age,” a widely used measure of chronic health and nutritional status among children under five. Researchers found that exposure to hot and humid weather during pregnancy—particularly during the earliest and latest stages—was strongly linked to poorer growth outcomes in children. Pregnant women are especially vulnerable to heat stress because of physiological and hormonal changes that reduce the body’s ability to regulate temperature. High humidity further intensifies this risk by limiting the body’s capacity to cool down through sweating. The researchers noted that the impacts were most severe when heat and humidity occurred together. Exposure during the third trimester showed health effects nearly four times greater than exposure to high temperatures alone. The study used the wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT), which accounts for humidity, radiant heat, and airflow in addition to air temperature, to better capture real-world heat stress. The analysis also revealed demographic effects. Each additional day with a WBGT above 29°C was associated with fewer live births six to twelve months later. In contrast, days with maximum temperatures exceeding 35°C were linked to a temporary rise in births within three months, suggesting shifts in pregnancy timing and possible increases in early-stage pregnancy loss. According to the researchers, these trends align with earlier studies showing that extreme heat can lead to premature births and reduced conception rates. Hot and humid conditions, they warned, pose a greater risk to fetal development than heat alone. With climate models projecting a sharp rise in hot and humid days across South Asia under continued global warming, the study cautioned that the true health impacts of extreme weather may be underestimated if humidity is not fully considered. The research drew on child health data from the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) and daily climate data produced by the Climate Hazards Center at UC Santa Barbara. Source: PTI  

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