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AIIMS Delhi Identifies Cases of ‘Walking Pneumonia’-Causing Bacterium; Ministry Dismisses Link to China’s Recent Outbreak

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The All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) in Delhi has identified seven cases of Mycoplasma pneumoniae, the bacterium associated with ‘Walking Pneumonia.’ The cases were detected between April and September this year and were reported in a study published in the Lancet Microbe journal. Notably, ‘Walking Pneumonia’ cases have been reported globally since October, including in China. Contrary to concerns about a link to the recent surge in respiratory infections in children, especially in China, the Union Health Ministry clarified that these seven cases have no connection to the ongoing outbreaks. The ministry stated that the cases were part of an ongoing study at AIIMS Delhi, spanning April to September 2023, and reassured the public that there’s no cause for worry. The ministry emphasized that no Mycoplasma pneumonia was detected in the 611 samples tested at AIIMS Delhi from January 2023 to the present, and there has been no surge reported in any part of India. AIIMS Delhi is part of a global consortium monitoring the spread of Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and the surveillance is conducted only at specific centers, including AIIMS Delhi. The study highlighted the re-emergence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in Europe and Asia more than three years after the introduction of COVID-19 pandemic restrictions. ‘Walking Pneumonia’ is a milder form of bacterial infection that resembles a cold, allowing infected individuals to continue with daily activities. The infection is particularly risky for individuals aged 2 or younger, 65 or older, those with weakened immune systems, chronic respiratory conditions, or exposure to crowded places. Symptoms include sore throat, fatigue, chest pain, low-grade fever, chills, cough, sneezing, and headache. Preventive measures recommended by health experts include proper respiratory hygiene, regular handwashing, wearing masks around sick individuals (especially for those with respiratory conditions), getting an annual flu shot, avoiding smoking and secondhand smoke, and timely medical intervention using antibiotics and over-the-counter medicines. The Union Health Ministry continues to collaborate with state health authorities, closely monitoring the situation and providing timely updates to the public.

Unmasking the Air Pollution Crisis in India: Health Implications and Urgent Solutions

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Blog on Health

India is grappling with a multifaceted challenge that poses a severe threat to public health – air pollution. As the air quality crisis in the National Capital Region, Delhi, continues to worsen, it prompts a closer look at the health implications of this persistent issue. This blog provides a comprehensive analysis of the ongoing air pollution crisis in India and delves into the critical health implications of air pollution, shedding light on the gravity of the issue and the urgent need for action. The Silent Killer Air pollution is often referred to as a “silent killer” because its health effects are not immediately apparent but accumulate over time, leading to chronic illnesses and reduced life expectancy. This problem is particularly severe in India, where rapid industrialization and urbanization have resulted in soaring levels of air pollutants. Health Implications of Air Pollution Respiratory Ailments: High levels of fine particulate matter (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and ozone (O3) can lead to a surge in respiratory ailments such as asthma, bronchitis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Children and the elderly are especially vulnerable. Cardiovascular Diseases: Air pollution plays a significant role in the development of cardiovascular diseases, increasing the risk of heart attacks, strokes, and other circulatory issues. Cancer Risk: Long-term exposure to air pollution, particularly air containing carcinogens like benzene and formaldehyde, can increase the risk of lung cancer. Pregnancy Complications: Pregnant women exposed to high levels of air pollution are at a higher risk of complications such as preterm birth, low birth weight, and developmental issues in their offspring. Mental Health: Recent research has linked air pollution to mental health problems, including depression, anxiety, and cognitive decline. Also Read: Prioritizing Mental Health: The Cornerstone of Student Success in Education Delhi’s Air Quality Crisis Recent developments in Delhi highlight the severity of the air pollution crisis. Despite minor improvements, the overall air quality in Delhi remains ‘very poor.’ The Air Quality Index (AQI) recently shifted from ‘severe’ to ‘very poor,’ but this change does not indicate a significant improvement. The Supreme Court has criticized central and state governments for engaging in a blame game rather than implementing effective solutions. In response, authorities have taken measures, such as suspending physical classes (except for Classes 10 and 12) until November 10 and reintroducing the odd-even car rationing system from November 13 to 20. While there’s a marginal dip in pollution levels as reflected in the AQI, the concentration of PM2.5 particles continues to be a significant concern. Delhi’s PM2.5 levels consistently exceed the government-prescribed safe limit by a substantial margin, posing severe health risks to residents. Also Read: Top 12 Daily Habits for a Healthier Lifestyle What Can Be Done? Addressing India’s air pollution problem requires a multi-faceted approach. Some of the essential measures include: Strict Emission Standards: Enforcing and regularly updating emission standards for industries, vehicles, and power plants is crucial. Promoting Renewable Energy: Transitioning to cleaner energy sources like solar and wind power can reduce emissions. Improving Public Transportation: Expanding and improving public transportation systems can reduce the number of vehicles on the road and, consequently, pollution levels. Urban Planning: Better urban planning and reducing traffic congestion can help mitigate pollution in metropolitan areas. Public Awareness: Raising awareness about the health implications of air pollution can empower citizens to take steps to protect themselves and advocate for change. Also Read: Mobilizing Global Education and Cultural Exchange through Technology Conclusion The air pollution crisis in India, exemplified by Delhi’s ongoing struggle, is a pressing concern with far-reaching health implications. It’s essential to recognize that this is not just a seasonal issue; it’s a year-round problem that demands immediate and sustainable solutions. The blame game among political entities must give way to effective measures to curb air pollution and protect public health. As PM2.5 levels significantly surpass safe limits, there is an urgent need for comprehensive, long-term actions. The situation serves as a stark reminder of the grave consequences of air pollution and the urgency of taking decisive action. It is high time for all stakeholders, including the government, industries, and citizens, to unite in the fight against air pollution and prioritize the well-being of the nation. The battle against air pollution continues, and it’s a fight for the health and future of generations to come. The author, Pratik Ghosh is associated with ArdorComm Media

Study in India Reveals Link Between Air Pollution and Type 2 Diabetes Risk

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News on Health

Air pollution in India has been linked to an increased risk of type 2 diabetes, as revealed in a groundbreaking study published in the BMJ Open Diabetes Research and Care journal. The study, the first of its kind in India, was conducted in Delhi and Chennai, and it found that exposure to elevated levels of fine pollution particles (PM2.5) in the air, which are 30 times thinner than a strand of hair, is associated with higher blood sugar levels and an elevated incidence of type 2 diabetes. While the health impacts of fine particulate matter are known for cardiovascular and cardiometabolic diseases, this study sought to provide evidence from regions with high air pollution levels like India, where noncommunicable diseases are a significant burden. The research team, which included scientists from the Centre for Chronic Disease Control in New Delhi, followed a group of over 12,000 men and women from 2010 to 2017, regularly measuring their blood sugar levels. They also utilized satellite data and air pollution exposure models to assess air quality in the participants’ localities during that period. The results demonstrated that exposure to PM2.5 for just one month led to increased blood sugar levels, and prolonged exposure for a year or more elevated the risk of diabetes. Additionally, for every 10 micrograms per cubic meter (μg/m3) increase in the annual average PM2.5 levels in Delhi and Chennai, the risk of diabetes rose by 22 percent. The study addressed a significant research gap in South Asia, where diabetes is a major health concern, by providing robust exposure assessment and longitudinal data in this population. It underscores the need for tailored, population-specific policies to combat the high diabetes prevalence by reducing ambient air pollution. The research team, which also included scientists from the Public Health Foundation of India, Harvard University, Emory University, the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, and the Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, emphasized the importance of region-specific measures to achieve meaningful public health improvements at the population level.

India Leads Global Preterm Births in 2020, Lancet Study Reveals

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In 2020, India witnessed the highest number of preterm births globally, with a staggering 3.02 million cases, constituting over 20 percent of all premature births worldwide, as revealed by a study published in The Lancet journal. This research, conducted by experts from the World Health Organization (WHO), the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), and the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK, further disclosed that more than half of all premature births in 2020 occurred in just eight countries. Following India, the countries with the highest preterm birth rates were Pakistan, Nigeria, China, Ethiopia, Bangladesh, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and the United States, according to the researchers. The notable prevalence of preterm births in these regions is partly attributable to their substantial population sizes, high numbers of total births, and underdeveloped healthcare systems that struggle to provide high-quality family planning, antenatal care, and childbirth services to all those in need. Globally, approximately 13.4 million babies were born prematurely in 2020, with nearly one million succumbing to complications associated with preterm birth. This data equates to roughly one in ten babies being born prematurely, before completing 37 weeks of pregnancy worldwide. Given that prematurity ranks as the leading cause of child mortality in their early years, there is an urgent need to bolster both preterm infant care and preventative measures, particularly focusing on maternal health and nutrition to enhance child survival, emphasize the authors of the study. Furthermore, preterm birth significantly increases the likelihood of major illnesses, disabilities, developmental delays, and even chronic diseases like diabetes and heart conditions in adulthood for those who survive. This study derives its estimates from data that is representative of populations and national statistics, enabling internationally comparable assessments for the year 2020. It highlighted that India had the highest incidence of preterm births in 2020, totalling 3.02 million cases, accounting for over a fifth of all preterm births worldwide. While most high preterm birth rates were observed in low and middle-income nations, rates of 10 percent or higher were also evident in high-income countries such as Greece and the United States. Within South Asia, Bangladesh reported the highest preterm birth rate in 2020 at 16.2 percent, followed by Pakistan at 14.4 percent, and India at 13.0 percent. In Latin America, the rates ranged from 5.8 percent in Nicaragua to 12.8 percent in Suriname. As birth registration and facility-based deliveries have increased, data on the prevalence of preterm births has improved. Nevertheless, there are still 92 countries lacking sufficient nationally representative data. Consequently, the authors call for sustained efforts to enhance data availability, quality, and sharing to better target support and action where it is most needed. Dr. Anshu Banerjee, Director of Maternal, Newborn, Child, and Adolescent Health and Ageing at WHO, emphasized the vulnerability of preterm babies to life-threatening health complications and the necessity for dedicated care and attention. He stressed the urgency of substantial investments in services supporting preterm infants and their families, as well as a heightened focus on prevention, particularly ensuring access to quality healthcare before and during pregnancies. The researchers underscored that preterm birth is not exclusive to low and middle-income countries, as the data clearly reveals its impact on families worldwide, including some high-income countries such as Greece (11.6 percent) and the United States (10 percent).

U-Win Portal Revolutionizes Routine Immunization Records

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The government is gearing up to introduce the ‘U-Win’ portal, modelled after the successful Co-Win COVID-19 vaccine management system. This new platform is aimed at maintaining a digital registry of routine immunizations as part of the Universal Immunization Programme (UIP). Currently, the U-Win initiative is undergoing a pilot phase in two districts of each state and Union Territory. The U-Win portal, similar to Co-Win, was initially launched on January 11 in 65 districts nationwide. At present, UIP vaccination records are managed manually, but U-Win will eliminate the need for physical records. It will facilitate the digitization of session planning and provide real-time updates on vaccination statuses. This will address challenges posed by multiple vaccines and doses, as well as the absence of an individual tracking mechanism. Furthermore, it aims to raise awareness among beneficiaries regarding session details, locations, and dates, especially in urban areas, while also addressing disparities in immunization coverage among states and Union Territories. A significant issue to tackle is the lack of record-keeping for immunizations administered at private health facilities. U-Win seeks to become the centralized repository for immunization service information, encompassing pregnancy details, newborn registrations, and vaccinations at birth. The system will also maintain live updates on vaccination statuses, delivery outcomes, and the planning of routine immunization sessions. It aims to provide personalized tracking for pregnant women and newborns, sending reminders for upcoming doses and following up on dropouts. The U-Win platform will empower healthcare workers and program managers with real-time data on routine immunization sessions and vaccine coverage, facilitating better planning and distribution. Additionally, it will offer information on upcoming sessions in specific areas for the following month and a list of beneficiaries due for vaccination. Pregnant women and children will receive vaccine acknowledgments and immunization cards linked to their Ayushman Bharat Health Account (ABHA ID). States and districts will have access to a common database for efficient tracking and vaccination of beneficiaries. Citizens can also check nearby routine immunization sessions and book appointments through the platform. Lastly, all electronic vaccination certificates, similar to COVID vaccination certificates, will include pictures of Prime Minister Narendra Modi. As of August 28, U-Win has registered over 6.8 million beneficiaries and digitally tracked more than 13 million vaccine doses. This includes registrations for 33,58,770 infants aged 0-1 years, 20,98,338 children aged 1-5 years, and 14,20,708 pregnant women, with 1,32,60,903 doses being tracked digitally.