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NCERT Faces 1,596 Vacancies as CBSE Reports 44% Staff Shortage: Parliamentary Panel

The National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT) is facing a significant staff shortage, with more than half of its sanctioned positions lying vacant, while the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) has 44 per cent of its posts unfilled, according to a parliamentary committee report. The findings were highlighted in the Tenth Report (Eighteenth Lok Sabha) of the Committee on Estimates for 2026-27, which reviewed budget and policy aspects of affordable and quality education, including the functioning of CBSE. The report was presented in the Lok Sabha on Wednesday. The panel noted that NCERT has a critical role in shaping India’s school education system and supporting the implementation of the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020. The organisation has developed the National Curriculum Framework for Foundational Stage (NCFFS) and the National Curriculum Framework for School Education (NCFSE), besides working on new syllabi and textbooks aligned with these frameworks. However, the committee raised concerns over the scale of vacancies within NCERT. As of October 2025, NCERT had 2,844 sanctioned posts across its various branches, of which only 1,248 were occupied. This left 1,596 positions vacant. The vacancies included 145 academic posts, 131 school teaching positions, 916 ministerial posts and 404 ancillary positions. The committee called for urgent intervention by the Education Ministry, stressing that NCERT’s role as a national-level institution makes adequate staffing essential for the effective functioning of the country’s education system. The panel also highlighted what it described as a major shortage of permanent employees at CBSE. Of the board’s 2,117 sanctioned positions, 933 remained vacant, accounting for around 44 per cent of the total strength. Group C support staff accounted for the largest share of vacancies, with 595 posts unfilled. The committee expressed concern that CBSE’s dependence on temporary and contractual workers could affect the effective management of its operations, particularly sensitive examination-related responsibilities. The panel recommended that CBSE reduce its reliance on temporary personnel for critical examination work and undertake fast-track recruitment to fill vacant posts within a defined timeframe. It warned that the shortage of permanent staff could pose risks to the safety, quality and smooth conduct of major national-level examinations. The report also pointed out that CBSE is a self-financed autonomous organisation and does not receive grant-in-aid from the Ministry of Education. Meanwhile, CBSE’s expanding network has significantly increased the demands on its administrative infrastructure. The number of schools affiliated with the board rose from 3,787 in 1992-93 to 31,234 in 2024-25, as of October 8, 2025. The board currently functions through 25 regional offices and five sub-regional offices. The committee also noted the growing student base, with more than 17 lakh students appearing for Class 12 and over 23.8 lakh students enrolled in Class 10 in 2025. The panel’s observations underline the need to strengthen staffing and administrative capacity at both NCERT and CBSE as India’s school education ecosystem continues to expand. Source: PTI

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From Scrolling to Storytelling: Why India Is Falling for Microdramas and the Rise of the One-Minute Episode

For years, the Indian entertainment industry operated on a familiar rhythm: television serials filled the evening, films dominated weekends and OTT platforms competed for hours of uninterrupted viewing. Then came the reel. What started as a quick way to consume comedy, music, fashion and creator content has gradually changed something deeper — the way Indians expect stories to be told. Today, audiences are increasingly moving from watching isolated short videos to following short, episodic stories designed specifically for the smartphone screen. Microdramas — usually vertical, fast-paced episodes that can run for just a few minutes — are emerging as one of the most interesting developments in India’s digital entertainment economy. And the appeal is surprisingly simple: viewers no longer need to find an hour for entertainment. Entertainment can now find them in the few minutes between meetings, during a commute, while waiting for food or before going to bed. The smartphone has become India’s television screen India’s enormous smartphone and internet ecosystem has created the perfect environment for short-form entertainment. By September 2025, India had nearly 1.02 billion internet users and around 750 million smartphones, while average monthly mobile-data consumption had climbed to about 24 GB per user. That infrastructure has changed the economics of attention. A viewer does not necessarily sit down and decide, “I am going to watch a show now.” Instead, entertainment increasingly appears inside the same feeds used for messaging, shopping, news and social interaction. Meta and Ormax’s 2026 research on India’s microdrama audience found that 89% of viewers discover microdramas through social feeds, while viewers spend a median of 3.5 hours a week watching them, often across multiple short sessions. The study surveyed 2,000 viewers aged 18-44 across 14 states. This is perhaps the biggest difference between microdramas and traditional television or OTT. The viewer doesn’t have to go looking for the programme. The programme finds the viewer. From “scroll” to “what happens next?” The evolution is particularly interesting because microdramas combine two seemingly different entertainment habits. The first is the infinite scroll. The second is the serialised story. Reels trained audiences to expect immediate gratification. Traditional television trained them to return tomorrow for the next episode. Microdramas bring those two behaviours together. An episode might establish a conflict in the first few seconds, introduce a dramatic twist and end precisely when the viewer wants an answer. Then comes the next episode. And the next. Instead of asking viewers to commit to a 45-minute episode, microdramas repeatedly ask for a much smaller commitment: just another two minutes. That seemingly insignificant decision can become a surprisingly powerful retention mechanism. The cliffhanger is the new hook Traditional television often used the commercial break to create suspense. OTT platforms use episode endings and season arcs to encourage binge-watching. Microdramas take the idea to an extreme. Almost every episode has to work as a miniature marketing device for the next one. A confrontation may begin in Episode 12 and be resolved only in Episode 13. A secret is revealed halfway through an episode and explained later. A character receives a message — and the episode ends before the audience sees the reply. The objective is not simply to tell a story. It is to create a reason to tap again. This makes microdrama storytelling fundamentally different from conventional short-form creator content. A reel can succeed because it is funny, informative or visually striking. A microdrama needs another ingredient: narrative momentum. Why younger audiences are responding The strongest concentration of microdrama viewers in India is among younger audiences, particularly those aged 18-34, although the format is also attracting students, working professionals, homemakers and viewers outside major metropolitan centres. That demographic profile makes sense. Younger viewers have grown up in an environment where entertainment is available continuously and where the smartphone is often the first screen of the day. But the appeal isn’t necessarily limited to Gen Z. A working professional may not have the time or patience to begin a full-length series after a long day. A student may want entertainment during a short break. Someone travelling on public transport can watch several episodes without needing to dedicate an entire evening. Microdramas effectively turn dead time into entertainment time. India is particularly suited to the format There is another reason microdramas could become much bigger in India: linguistic diversity. A traditional OTT series requires significant investment in production, marketing and distribution. Microdramas can potentially be produced and adapted for different languages and audience segments at a much faster pace. That opens the door to stories built specifically for Hindi, Tamil, Telugu, Bengali, Marathi and other regional audiences rather than treating India as one homogeneous market. The rise of Tamil microdramas, for example, illustrates how quickly the format can develop within a regional entertainment ecosystem. Short dramas lasting roughly one to five minutes are increasingly attracting younger audiences and creating opportunities for new actors, writers and creators. This could eventually produce an entertainment landscape where the next major digital star doesn’t necessarily emerge from television or cinema. They could emerge from a 90-second episode watched on a phone. Bollywood’s biggest competition may not be another film The rise of microdramas also raises an important question for the broader entertainment industry. What exactly are OTT platforms competing against? For years, the answer was Netflix versus Amazon Prime Video versus Disney+ Hotstar and other streaming services. But the competition is increasingly about attention rather than platforms. A viewer deciding whether to watch a 50-minute drama, scroll through Instagram, watch YouTube Shorts or follow a 20-episode microdrama is making an attention decision. That is why major streaming and entertainment companies are increasingly interested in the category. Industry reporting in 2026 has highlighted growing investment in microdramas from major players, as platforms look at short episodic content as both a discovery mechanism and a potential new entertainment business. In other words, the microdrama isn’t necessarily trying to replace the blockbuster series. It is fighting for the moments when the blockbuster series is simply too

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BRICS Economies Emerging as Key Drivers of Global Growth: Sitharaman

Union Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman has said that public investment should help unlock private investment rather than replace it, stressing the need for greater private capital participation across BRICS economies. Speaking at a seminar in Jaipur on the New Development Bank’s role in mobilising private investment in BRICS nations, Sitharaman said the grouping’s economies are among the key drivers of global economic growth. However, she noted that attracting private capital remains a significant challenge. The Finance Minister emphasised that access to capital alone is not enough. Building investor confidence, ensuring economic stability and maintaining a predictable, long-term policy environment are equally important to encourage investment. She also underlined the role of multilateral development banks in reducing investment risks, improving the financial viability of projects and boosting investor confidence, which can help attract private capital at scale. Highlighting India’s experience, Sitharaman said the government has expanded infrastructure development through sustained public capital expenditure and structural reforms. New Development Bank President Dilma Rousseff also spoke at the seminar. Earlier, Economic Affairs Secretary Anuradha Thakur said greater participation from private capital is increasingly important amid the evolving global economic environment. The seminar forms part of the BRICS Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors’ meeting in Jaipur, being held under India’s BRICS Chairship 2026. The meeting aims to deepen cooperation among member countries on key global economic and financial matters. Source: News on AIR

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N Chandrasekaran to Step Down as Tata Sons Chairman After Term Ends

N Chandrasekaran, chairman of Tata Sons, has announced that he will not seek another term when his current tenure ends in February 2027, bringing uncertainty over the future leadership of one of India’s largest business conglomerates. The 63-year-old executive said the decision followed the Tata Sons board’s failure to reach unanimous agreement on a proposed five-year extension. The proposal was first discussed in February, but no consensus was reached even after six months. The announcement triggered a sharp reaction in the stock market, with shares of several listed Tata Group companies falling, while investors assessed the potential implications for the conglomerate, which has interests ranging from Air India and Tata Steel to Jaguar Land Rover and Tata Consultancy Services. Chandrasekaran’s decision comes amid reported differences within the Tata Group’s governance structure. Tata Trusts, the charitable arm of the group, holds a 66% stake in Tata Sons and has three nominees on its board. Reports have pointed to disagreements over board appointments, funding decisions and the potential public listing of Tata Sons. The leadership uncertainty comes as the group navigates several major business priorities, including the ongoing turnaround of Air India, which Tata Group acquired from the Indian government in 2022, as well as other large strategic projects. Chandrasekaran said that with several critical initiatives underway, establishing clarity over leadership beyond February 2027 was important for employees, investors, business partners and other stakeholders. He became Tata Group chairman in 2017, succeeding Cyrus Mistry following Mistry’s controversial removal and the subsequent legal dispute. Prior to taking charge of the group, Chandrasekaran served as CEO and managing director of Tata Consultancy Services, where he had built a long career after joining the Tata Group in 1987. Market analyst Ambareesh Baliga said the departure of a leader of Chandrasekaran’s stature was bound to weigh on investor sentiment. However, he noted that the group has around six months to identify a successor and suggested that the next chairman could potentially emerge from within the Tata Group. Source: BBC

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Indian Institutions in QS Rankings Rise from 11 to 52 Since NIRF Launch: Centre

India’s presence in global higher education rankings has expanded significantly over the past decade, with the number of Indian institutions featured in the QS World University Rankings rising from 11 in 2015 to 52 in the 2027 edition, the Centre informed the Lok Sabha on Monday. The government linked the growth to efforts to strengthen the quality, competitiveness and global visibility of Indian higher education institutions following the launch of the National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF) in 2015. NIRF was introduced to assess and rank higher education institutions across the country. Its evaluation framework covers teaching, learning and resources; research and professional practices; graduation outcomes; outreach and inclusivity; and peer perception. NIRF participation more than doubles The government response also highlighted a substantial rise in participation in the national ranking exercise. The number of applications submitted to NIRF increased from 6,272 in 2021 to 14,163 in 2025. Over the same period, the number of unique institutions participating in NIRF grew from 4,030 to 7,692, reflecting wider participation across India’s higher education sector. More Indian institutions make gains in QS rankings The QS World University Rankings 2027 indicate that India’s progress is increasingly extending beyond the country’s traditional IIT-led group of institutions. Of the 52 Indian institutions included in the latest rankings, 26 improved their positions, while nine retained their previous ranks. Another 15 institutions saw their rankings decline, while two institutions made their debut in the global rankings. Eighteen Indian institutions recorded their highest-ever QS positions, with 13 of them coming from outside the IIT system. Among the leading Indian institutions, IIT Delhi moved up five places to rank 118th globally, equalling the highest position ever attained by an Indian institution. IIT Bombay, which had reached the same position in the 2026 edition, slipped five places to 134th. IIT Madras improved to 170th, while IIT Kharagpur climbed to 205th. IISc Bengaluru was placed at 221st. Several non-IIT institutions recorded particularly notable gains. Shoolini University moved up 51 places to 452nd, while BITS Pilani jumped 93 places to 575th. VIT made one of the biggest advances, rising 94 places to 597th. IIT Hyderabad improved by 76 places, while Jamia Millia Islamia climbed more than 75 positions to rank 686th. NEP 2020 among key government initiatives The Centre attributed the improvement in the global standing of Indian institutions to a range of policy measures, including initiatives introduced under the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020. The policy places emphasis on multidisciplinary education, critical thinking, research and innovation, improved infrastructure and faculty development. The government also cited the Institutions of Eminence scheme, funding and institutional support provided through RUSA and PM-USHA, and the expansion of premier higher education institutions as contributing factors. Since 2014, the government said, 43 new premier institutions have been established, including seven IITs, eight Central universities and nine IIMs. The rising number of Indian institutions in the QS rankings, alongside broader participation in NIRF, points to a widening global footprint for India’s higher education sector and growing competition among institutions to improve academic and research performance. Source: Indian Express

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Disney+ Secures Global Streaming Rights to Formula E Racing Across 140+ Markets

Disney+ has secured global streaming rights to the ABB FIA Formula E World Championship across more than 140 territories, bringing one of the world’s leading electric racing series to audiences in 144 markets. The landmark agreement will provide Formula E with a more unified global streaming presence while allowing the championship to retain existing local television partnerships in key markets. In the United States, Formula E races will be available on ESPN’s streaming service, now known as ESPN Select. Formula E CEO Jeff Dodds said the partnership marks a major milestone for the championship, with Disney’s international reach expected to introduce the electric racing series to a much wider audience. Formula E, which held its first season in 2014, operates independently of Formula 1 and focuses exclusively on electric-powered racing and automotive technology. Disney+ deal comes ahead of GEN4 launch The streaming agreement comes as Formula E prepares to enter a new technological phase with the introduction of its GEN4 racing car. Formula E describes GEN4 as its fastest and most technologically advanced electric race car yet. The vehicle is capable of producing 600 kilowatts of power, equivalent to more than 815 horsepower, and can accelerate from 0 to 60 mph in around 1.8 seconds. The championship says the acceleration is roughly 30% faster than that of a Formula 1 car, underscoring the technological advances being made in electric motorsport. 21-race season planned for 2026-27 Formula E is scheduled to stage 21 races across 13 locations during the 2026-27 season. The campaign will begin with the opening two rounds in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, on December 18 and 19, before concluding in Tokyo in July. Dodds said Disney+ could play a key role in expanding Formula E’s international audience as the championship enters the GEN4 era. The partnership could also extend beyond live race coverage, with both sides exploring additional content and fan-focused experiences. Formula E Chief Media Officer Michaella Snoeck said retaining local linear television agreements alongside Disney+’s global streaming reach would allow the championship to serve established audiences while expanding its digital footprint. Live sports drive streaming growth Disney’s move into Formula E reflects the broader streaming industry’s growing focus on live sports as a way to attract and retain subscribers. High-profile sporting events can provide recurring, appointment-based viewing and encourage audiences to remain engaged with streaming platforms. Formula E’s emphasis on electric mobility, technological innovation and sustainability also aligns with Disney’s broader brand positioning. Disney+ branding will appear on the GEN4 race car during the upcoming season alongside other major commercial partners. Joe Earley, co-president of Direct to Consumer for Disney Entertainment, said Formula E’s combination of competition, technology and sustainability makes it a distinctive addition to Disney+’s live sports offering. The partnership is expected to give Formula E a significantly broader global digital platform as the championship prepares for its next generation of electric racing. Source: Variety

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150 Years of Vande Mataram to Take Centre Stage at 80th Independence Day Celebrations

The commemoration of 150 years of the National Song “Vande Mataram” will be among the key highlights of India’s 80th Independence Day celebrations this year, Defence Secretary Rajesh Kumar Singh said during a media briefing in New Delhi. The celebrations will focus on two major themes — the contribution of young Indians towards building a Viksit Bharat by 2047 and the 150th anniversary of Vande Mataram. Prime Minister Narendra Modi will lead the celebrations from the historic Red Fort, where he will unfurl the National Flag and address the nation. For the first time, Vande Mataram will be performed from the ramparts of the Red Fort as part of the Independence Day ceremony. The venue will feature floral decorations inspired by the National Song, while nearly 2,500 NCC cadets and My Bharat volunteers will create a ‘Vande Mataram’ formation along Gyanpath. The National Song will also be performed collectively at the Red Fort with the participation of Service bands. Those present will stand at attention during the rendition. Following the Prime Minister’s address, NCC cadets and My Bharat volunteers will sing Vande Mataram, followed by the National Anthem. An aerial display by Mi-17 helicopters will add to the ceremony, featuring the National Flag, flower petals and a special banner marking 150 years of Vande Mataram. Armed Forces Bands to Perform Nationwide As part of the broader Independence Day celebrations, bands from the armed forces and other uniformed services will perform at 343 prominent locations across the country between August 8 and 15. The participating contingents will include bands from the Army, Navy, Air Force, Coast Guard, NCC, CRPF, ITBP, CISF, SSB, BSF, IDS, RPF and Assam Rifles. Yuva Shakti to Be a Key Theme The second major theme of this year’s celebrations is “Yuva Shakti – Leading the Journey to Viksit Bharat@2047”, with a special focus on young achievers and contributors to India’s development journey. Nineteen medal-winning students from the 2026 International Physics, Chemistry, Biology and Mathematics Olympiads have been invited as special guests. Young innovators, PM Internship Scheme interns, startup representatives, PM Kaushal Vikas Yojana trainees, My Bharat volunteers and beneficiaries of various government programmes will also attend. Around 500 students from Delhi government schools, selected through quizzes and competitions, will be part of the Independence Day ceremony. The event will also recognise a diverse group of people contributing to the Viksit Bharat vision. These include women entrepreneurs supported through PM Mudra, PMAY-U beneficiaries, scientists and innovators, Bharat Taxi drivers, PM Surya Ghar beneficiaries, PM Vishwakarma artisans, PM Shram Yogi Maandhan beneficiaries, farmers and International Yoga Day volunteers. Special Arrangements for Invitees More than 1,500 people from Delhi representing different states and Union Territories have been invited to the celebrations. They will attend the event wearing traditional attire representing their respective regions. To facilitate their travel, Delhi Metro services will commence at 4 am on Independence Day and will be available free of cost for invitees. Around 200 My Bharat and NCC volunteers will assist visitors at the venue, including those requiring wheelchair support. Facilities such as cloakrooms, drinking water, toilets and rain ponchos will also be provided. Parking locations will be made available through Google Maps and Mappls to help visitors plan their journey. Following the main ceremony, NCC cadets and My Bharat volunteers will conduct a cleanliness drive at the Red Fort. The initiative will include systematic plogging and the prompt removal of waste from the premises. Source: News on AIR  

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ICMR Has Not Studied Whether Ultra-Processed Foods Show Addiction-Like Behaviour: Centre

The Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) has not conducted any study to determine whether ultra-processed foods (UPFs) display addiction-like behavioural characteristics similar to tobacco or other habit-forming substances, the government informed the Lok Sabha. Responding to a written question in Parliament, Minister of State for Health Prataprao Jadhav said ICMR’s assessment is based on available global scientific evidence, which links higher consumption of ultra-processed foods with a greater risk of several health problems. These include obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and certain mental health disorders. However, the minister clarified that such conditions have multiple contributing factors, with excessive consumption of ultra-processed foods being only one of several modifiable risk factors. The government also pointed out that much of the existing evidence on UPFs and health outcomes is observational. Therefore, the available research does not, on its own, establish a direct cause-and-effect relationship. ICMR Steps Up Nutrition Awareness Jadhav said ICMR has undertaken various measures to educate the public about the potential health risks associated with excessive consumption of ultra-processed foods. The Dietary Guidelines for Indians, 2024, advise people to limit their intake of free sugars, avoid frequent consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and reduce their intake of ultra-processed foods. The guidelines also encourage consumers to identify such products and read food labels before making purchasing decisions. ICMR has additionally launched the “Let’s Fix Our Food” initiative in partnership with national and international organisations. The programme focuses on creating healthier food environments for children and adolescents by working with schools, parents, policymakers and civil society organisations. The initiative aims to develop evidence-based communication resources, improve food environments in schools and encourage healthier eating habits, while discouraging the consumption of foods high in sugar, fat and salt. The minister said ICMR also conducts nutrition awareness activities through public lectures, workshops, training programmes, National Nutrition Month campaigns and other public health initiatives. Educational material on nutrition is also disseminated in regional languages. FSSAI Campaigns Promote Healthier Eating The Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) has also introduced several initiatives aimed at encouraging healthier dietary choices. These include the “Eat Right India” movement and the “Aaj Se Thoda Kam” campaign, which encourages consumers to reduce their intake of fat, salt and sugar. FSSAI is also using social media campaigns to raise awareness about obesity and related health concerns. In collaboration with MyGov, FSSAI has launched the “Eat Right Quiz on Obesity”. Its #HarLabelKuchKehtaHai campaign seeks to help consumers better understand nutritional information and other details provided on food labels. Jadhav said FSSAI has established quality and safety standards for a range of food products, aligned with international standards including those developed by the Codex Alimentarius Commission. Existing regulations also govern the levels of sugar, salt and fat in food products. Under the Food Safety and Standards (Labelling and Display) Regulations, 2020, food manufacturers are required to disclose nutritional information such as energy, protein, carbohydrates, total sugars, added sugars, total fat and sodium, along with ingredient details. The rules also prohibit false or misleading labels. Meanwhile, the Food Safety and Standards (Advertising and Claims) Regulations, 2018 require food-related advertisements and health claims to be truthful, scientifically supported and not misleading. Claims that a food product can prevent, treat or cure diseases are prohibited unless specifically allowed under the law. The government said violations of these regulations can result in regulatory and punitive action against non-compliant food business operators under the Food Safety and Standards Act, 2006. Source: PTI

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India’s Single-Teacher Schools Decline by 3,282, But Five States Record Sharp Rise

India recorded a net decline of 3,282 single-teacher schools in 2025-26, with their total number falling from 1,04,125 in 2024-25 to 1,00,843, according to data from the Unified District Information System for Education Plus (UDISE+). The figures were also presented in the Rajya Sabha in late July in response to a question concerning teacher vacancies. A single-teacher school is one where one teacher handles multiple classes and subjects, making it an important indicator of staffing shortages and resource constraints in school education. However, the national decline masks significant differences between states. Five states alone reported a combined reduction of more than 11,000 single-teacher schools, more than three times the overall national decline. This was offset by substantial increases in several other states, resulting in a net reduction of 3,282 schools nationally. Madhya Pradesh records biggest decline Madhya Pradesh reported the largest reduction, with its number of single-teacher schools dropping from 7,217 in 2024-25 to 2,269 in 2025-26 — a fall of 4,948 schools. Chhattisgarh recorded the second-largest decline, reducing its count by 3,512, from 5,973 to 2,461. Uttar Pradesh, which continues to have one of the highest numbers of such schools among major states, saw the figure fall from 9,508 to 7,874, a reduction of 1,634. Punjab and Gujarat also registered notable declines, with their single-teacher school numbers falling by 682 and 601 respectively. Andhra Pradesh sees largest increase In contrast, Andhra Pradesh recorded the biggest increase in the country. The state’s single-teacher schools rose from 12,912 in 2024-25 to 16,357 in 2025-26, an increase of 3,445. Maharashtra reported an addition of 1,117 such schools, while Rajasthan saw an increase of 1,083. Karnataka and Jharkhand recorded increases of 693 and 655 respectively. The contrasting trends indicate that the national improvement has not been evenly distributed across the country. Government response does not explain state-wise variation The Centre’s response in the Rajya Sabha did not provide a state-specific explanation for the sharp variations. It cited factors such as teacher retirements, resignations, creation of new posts, rationalisation of teacher deployment and changes in student enrolment as general reasons for teacher vacancies. The government also did not provide the state-wise sanctioned, working and vacant teacher positions sought in the original question. It said such information is maintained by individual state governments and Union Territory administrations. Instead, the response provided the number of teachers currently in position and the number of single-teacher schools based on UDISE+ 2025-26 data. This means the available figures alone cannot establish whether reductions in single-teacher schools were primarily due to new teacher appointments. Other factors, including school mergers, closures or changes in classification, could also have contributed. Pupil-teacher ratio indicates improvement The latest data also point towards relatively favourable pupil-teacher ratios, although the two years cannot be compared directly because the figures were presented differently. UDISE+ 2024-25 reported an overall national pupil-teacher ratio of 24 students per teacher. For 2025-26, the government provided level-wise ratios of 19 at the primary level, 17 at upper primary, 15 at secondary and 23 at higher secondary. All four ratios are below the 2024-25 composite figure. The government said these figures remain within the benchmarks outlined under the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020, which recommends a pupil-teacher ratio below 30 nationally and below 25 in areas with a high proportion of socio-economically disadvantaged students. While the figures suggest an improvement in teacher availability, the different methods of reporting mean they should not be treated as a direct year-on-year comparison. Source: Indian Express

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Children Under 13 May Need Parental Consent to Join Social Media, Gaming Platforms Under Proposed Bill

Children below the age of 13 may be prohibited from creating accounts on social media and online gaming platforms without verified parental consent under a proposed private member’s bill introduced by BJP MP Baijayant Panda. The Safeguarding Healthy Internet Environments for Little Digital-Natives (SHIELD) Bill, 2025, seeks to establish stronger safeguards for children using digital platforms. The proposed legislation would also prevent platforms from tracking, profiling or serving personalised advertisements to minors. The bill was listed for introduction in Parliament on Friday but could not be taken up as proceedings were disrupted by repeated adjournments. Another private member’s bill on preventing the misuse of artificial intelligence to generate realistic replicas of individuals was also scheduled for introduction. Under the proposed legislation, platforms accessible to minors would be required to implement age-verification mechanisms and provide parental-control dashboards. These tools would enable parents or guardians to monitor online activity, adjust privacy settings and control children’s screen time. The SHIELD Bill defines a child as an individual below 18 years of age and proposes specific safety obligations for social media networks, online gaming services and other digital intermediaries. The legislation seeks to prohibit platforms from collecting or using children’s data for tracking, profiling or personalised advertising. It would also require platforms to take measures to limit minors’ exposure to potentially harmful material, including pornography, gambling and simulated betting, violent or extremist content, and information related to drugs. Companies found violating the proposed provisions could face fines of up to ₹10 crore. In cases involving repeated or deliberate violations, authorities could potentially order the temporary suspension or blocking of services under Section 69A of the Information Technology Act. However, the proposed legislation still faces a long legislative path. Private members’ bills are rarely enacted into law, with only a small number having successfully cleared Parliament since Independence. Source: Hindustan Times  

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