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A recent study conducted by researchers at the Hyderabad-based ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition has found a strong association between the frequent consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPFs) and elevated blood pressure among urban young adults, particularly males. The cross-sectional study involved 311 undergraduate students aged between 18 and 24 years from three colleges in Hyderabad. Researchers assessed participants’ dietary habits over the previous month using a 24-item food frequency questionnaire covering commonly consumed packaged foods such as biscuits, chocolates, and salty snacks — reflecting the changing dietary patterns among India’s urban youth. The study revealed that 12.5% of the participants had high blood pressure levels of 140/90 mmHg or above. The prevalence was notably higher among male students and individuals above the age of 20. After adjusting for variables such as age, gender, and socioeconomic status, researchers found that male participants and students from higher-income families had significantly greater odds of developing hypertension. Importantly, students consuming high-fat and high-salt UPFs at or above the median intake level were found to be independently more likely to have elevated blood pressure. Factors such as taste, affordability, and easy accessibility were identified as major reasons driving the consumption of these packaged foods. The research team included Karthikeyan Ramanujam, Abhigna Mahathi, Jarupula Namrathaa Pawar, Maheshwari Matla, Harichandana Ponnapalli, Vinay Kumar Soma, Keerthana Gajjala, SuryaGoud S. Chukkala, Mahesh Kumar Mummadi, SubbaRao M. Gavaravarapu, G Bhanuprakash Reddy, Jagajeevan Babu Geddam, and Samarasimha Nusi Reddy. Researchers observed that the frequency and type of UPF intake had a stronger influence on hypertension risk than overall dietary diversity. They noted that such health impacts are generally associated with older populations, making the findings concerning as they indicate that hypertension-related risks are emerging early in adulthood — a stage when the condition often goes undiagnosed. Although students residing in hostels showed slightly higher blood pressure levels compared to those staying at home, likely due to repetitive diets and dependence on packaged foods, the association was not statistically significant after adjustments. The findings align with trends reported in the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5), which has documented a steady increase in hypertension among adolescents and young adults across India. Researchers stated that India is currently undergoing a nutrition transition phase, with young people increasingly shifting toward snack-based ultra-processed foods. The study, published in the latest edition of the journal Nutrients, stressed the urgent need to reduce consumption of foods high in salt, sugar, and unhealthy fats to lower the growing burden of non-communicable diseases. Researchers also recommended policy interventions such as higher taxes on packaged foods, restricting the sale of high-salt snacks near educational institutions, promoting affordable healthy food alternatives, and strengthening nutrition awareness programmes among young adults. Source: The Hindu