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Medical Research

Doctors Warn First-Time Adult Seizures May Signal Brain Tumours; Early Diagnosis Key to Better Outcomes

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Medical experts have cautioned that seizures occurring for the first time in adulthood should not be overlooked, as they may be an early warning sign of an underlying brain tumour. The advisory comes in the wake of World Brain Tumour Day, observed on June 8, highlighting the importance of timely diagnosis and treatment. According to neurologists and oncologists, late-onset seizures are among the most significant early symptoms associated with brain tumours. Doctors stress that even a single seizure episode in an adult warrants immediate medical attention and diagnostic imaging, as it could be the first detectable indication of a tumour in the brain. Specialists note that brain tumours constitute a substantial share of central nervous system cancers reported in India. Data from the Indian Council of Medical Research’s National Cancer Registry Programme indicate that outcomes can be particularly challenging in aggressive tumour types such as gliomas, underscoring the need for early detection. Medical professionals also highlighted the progress made in brain tumour diagnosis and treatment over recent years. Advancements in high-resolution imaging, digital technologies, and neuronavigation systems have significantly improved the accuracy of diagnosis and surgical planning, enabling more effective patient care. Experts explained that brain tumours can be either benign or malignant, with treatment strategies varying based on the type, location, and stage of the tumour. Modern treatment approaches, including surgery, radiation therapy, and other targeted interventions, have improved disease management and, in some cases, offer the possibility of long-term control or cure. In addition, the growing adoption of genomic profiling and genetic sequencing is helping clinicians identify patients who may benefit from personalised treatment options. These precision medicine techniques are increasingly shaping the future of neuro-oncology by enabling therapies tailored to the molecular characteristics of individual tumours. Doctors urged the public to remain vigilant about neurological symptoms and seek medical evaluation promptly, emphasizing that early diagnosis can play a crucial role in improving treatment outcomes and quality of life for patients with brain tumours. Source: The Hindu

Doctors Warn First-Time Adult Seizures May Signal Brain Tumours; Early Diagnosis Key to Better Outcomes Read More »

PCOS Renamed as PMOS in Landmark Move to Improve Global Diagnosis and Women’s Healthcare

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In a major step toward better awareness and treatment, the condition long known as Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) has officially been renamed Polyendocrine Metabolic Ovarian Syndrome (PMOS). The disorder affects more than 170 million women globally, or roughly 1 in 8 women, and experts say the new name more accurately reflects its complex nature. The renaming initiative was the result of a 14-year international collaboration involving over 50 medical and patient advocacy organizations, including the Endocrine Society. The announcement and findings were published in The Lancet. Health experts explained that the old term “PCOS” often created confusion by focusing on ovarian cysts, despite evidence showing that abnormal cysts are not a defining feature of the condition. This misunderstanding frequently led to delayed diagnoses, incomplete treatment, and a narrow view of a disorder that also impacts hormones, metabolism, mental health, skin, weight management, and reproductive health. Professor Helena Teede of Monash University, who led the global process, said the new terminology is designed to improve recognition and long-term care for millions of women. She noted that although medical guidelines have improved over time, changing the name was essential to better reflect the science and lived experiences of patients. The consultation process included more than 22,000 survey responses, workshops with healthcare professionals, and direct input from women living with the condition across multiple countries. Experts also emphasized the importance of selecting a name that works across cultures and avoids unnecessary stigma, especially in regions where reproductive terminology can carry social sensitivity. A three-year transition period has now begun, with global education campaigns underway. PMOS is expected to be fully adopted in the 2028 International Guideline update. Patient advocates welcomed the change, calling it a historic moment that could lead to earlier diagnosis, fairer healthcare access, and stronger research investment for future generations. Source: Endocrine Society  

PCOS Renamed as PMOS in Landmark Move to Improve Global Diagnosis and Women’s Healthcare Read More »

Diabetes Driving India’s Silent Liver Disease Crisis, Study Warns

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A groundbreaking study has revealed that Type 2 diabetes is emerging as a major cause of advanced liver disease in India, often progressing unnoticed until it becomes life-threatening. Published in The Lancet, the DiaFib-Liver Study is the largest real-world research of its kind in a developing country, highlighting the liver as a critical yet overlooked organ at risk among diabetic patients. The study, which assessed 9,202 adults across 27 healthcare centres, found that nearly 25% of patients had significant liver fibrosis, while about 14% had advanced disease. Alarmingly, around 5% had already reached a stage suggestive of cirrhosis—despite showing no obvious symptoms. Experts note a shift in the primary causes of severe liver conditions, with diabetes and obesity now surpassing viral infections like Hepatitis B and C. The underlying mechanism involves fat accumulation in the liver, leading to insulin resistance, chronic inflammation, and eventual scarring. Interestingly, the research also challenges the belief that liver disease primarily affects overweight individuals. Cases were observed even among lean patients, with a phenomenon termed “burnt-out” liver disease—where fat diminishes as fibrosis worsens—making detection even more difficult. Given that liver damage often remains silent until advanced stages, researchers emphasize the need for improved screening. They recommend tools like the FIB-4 score, derived from routine blood tests, and FibroScan imaging for early detection, instead of relying solely on ultrasounds. Encouragingly, the study highlights that early-stage liver damage can be reversed. A 5% reduction in body weight may reverse fibrosis in many cases, while a 10% reduction can significantly slow disease progression. With India home to over 10 crore diabetics and millions more at risk, integrating liver health checks into diabetes care programs could be key to preventing a large-scale health crisis. Source: TNN

Diabetes Driving India’s Silent Liver Disease Crisis, Study Warns Read More »

Blood Biomarker May Predict Women’s Dementia Risk 25 Years Before Symptoms: Study

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A new study suggests that a simple blood test could help predict a woman’s risk of developing dementia up to 25 years before symptoms appear. Researchers identified a blood-based biomarker called phosphorylated tau 217 (p-tau217), a protein associated with the brain changes linked to Alzheimer’s disease. The study found that higher levels of p-tau217 were strongly linked with the later development of mild cognitive impairment and dementia among women who showed no signs of cognitive decline at the beginning of the research. “Our study suggests we may be able to identify women at elevated risk for dementia decades before symptoms emerge,” said lead author Aladdin H. Shadyab, associate professor of public health and medicine at University of California San Diego. According to Shadyab, such early detection could allow doctors to focus on prevention strategies and closer monitoring long before memory issues begin affecting daily life. The findings were published in JAMA Network Open and are based on data from the Women’s Health Initiative Memory Study, a large U.S. national study involving 2,766 women aged between 65 and 79 who were enrolled in the late 1990s and followed for up to 25 years. During the follow-up period, researchers tracked participants who developed memory or thinking problems, including dementia. Women with higher p-tau217 levels in their blood at the start of the study were found to have a significantly greater likelihood of developing dementia later in life. The risk increased as biomarker levels rose. The study also found that elevated p-tau217 levels were more strongly linked to poorer cognitive outcomes among women aged 70 and older, as well as among those carrying the APOE e4 genetic risk factor associated with Alzheimer’s disease. Additionally, the biomarker appeared to be more predictive among women who had been randomly assigned estrogen-plus-progestin hormone therapy compared to those given a placebo. Researchers noted that factors such as age, race, the APOE e4 gene, and hormone therapy use should be considered when examining the link between p-tau217 and cognitive decline. Senior author Linda K. McEvoy of the Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute said blood-based biomarkers like p-tau217 are particularly promising because they are far less invasive than traditional diagnostic methods such as brain imaging or spinal fluid tests. “This could significantly advance research into the causes of dementia and help scientists evaluate strategies that may reduce the risk of developing the condition,” McEvoy said. Source: PTI Photo Credit: Bogdanhoda

Blood Biomarker May Predict Women’s Dementia Risk 25 Years Before Symptoms: Study Read More »

Single HPV Shot Shown to Offer Strong Protection Against Cervical Cancer, Major Study Finds

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A landmark international study suggests that one dose of the HPV vaccine may be just as effective as the standard two-dose regimen, potentially transforming cervical cancer prevention efforts worldwide. Researchers announced on Wednesday that a single human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine shot provided nearly the same level of protection against the virus strains most linked to cervical cancer. HPV is a widespread sexually transmitted infection, and while most cases resolve on their own, persistent infections can lead to cervical cancer and several less common cancers in both women and men. The HPV vaccine has been advised for U.S. girls since 2006, contributing to a decline in precancerous cervical conditions among women in their 20s — the first cohort vaccinated in adolescence. Still, cervical cancer remains a major global threat, causing around 340,000 deaths annually, particularly in parts of the world where vaccination access is limited. The promising findings come from a large Costa Rica-based trial led by the U.S. National Cancer Institute, involving more than 20,000 girls aged 12 to 16. Participants received one of two widely used HPV vaccines. After six months, half received a second dose while the other half were given a different childhood vaccine. Over five years of follow-up, researchers conducted regular cervical screenings and compared results with an unvaccinated control group. Published in the New England Journal of Medicine, the study concluded that a single dose offered about 97% protection, essentially matching the effectiveness of two doses. Dr. Ruanne Barnabas of Massachusetts General Hospital, in an accompanying editorial, highlighted that while earlier studies hinted at single-dose efficacy, this research solidifies long-term confidence in the approach. “We now have the evidence and tools to eliminate cervical cancer — what’s needed is the global commitment to deploy them effectively and fairly,” Barnabas wrote. In the U.S., two doses remain the official recommendation for children aged 11 or 12, with catch-up vaccinations advised up to age 26. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reports that 78% of teens aged 13 to 17 have received at least one dose. Worldwide, however, fewer than one-third of adolescent girls are vaccinated, according to the World Health Organization, which has already begun supporting single-dose strategies to improve coverage. Researchers noted that the study did not assess protection against other HPV-related cancers, such as those of the head and neck, and stressed that longer-term monitoring is still necessary. Source: AP

Single HPV Shot Shown to Offer Strong Protection Against Cervical Cancer, Major Study Finds Read More »

NMC–ICMR to Roll Out PhD Programmes to Strengthen India’s Clinical Research and Medical Innovation

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The National Medical Commission (NMC), in collaboration with the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), is set to introduce new PhD programmes and intensify clinical research efforts to boost indigenous innovation in medical devices and pharmaceuticals. Announcing the initiative at the 3rd convocation of Bhaikaka University in Karamsad, Anand, NMC chairman Dr. Abhijat Sheth said the move aims to fortify India’s medical research landscape and encourage innovation-led healthcare advancements. He also shared that 18,000 additional medical seats have been approved nationwide, with parallel initiatives to expand faculty capacity and ensure equitable, high-quality medical education. Highlighting the growing burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), Dr. Sheth emphasised the urgent need for preventive healthcare, self-care practices and the ATCOM module on professionalism as part of the commission’s updated training framework. Citing lessons from the Covid-19 pandemic, he stressed the importance of preparing future medical professionals for public health emergencies. At the convocation, 496 students from undergraduate, postgraduate and PhD programmes received their degrees, while 10 students were honoured with gold medals for academic excellence. The ceremony was attended by BU president Dr. Gauri Trivedi, provost Dr. Abhay Dharamsi, and other officials. It also featured the 20th H M Patel Memorial Lecture, delivered by paediatrician and public health specialist Dr. Pravitra Mohan, who spoke on “Equitable Healthcare in India: Leading the Change.” Source: TNN

NMC–ICMR to Roll Out PhD Programmes to Strengthen India’s Clinical Research and Medical Innovation Read More »

Cycling Could Help Slow Parkinson’s Progression, Says Neurologist from CMC Vellore

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Cycling may do much more than strengthen the body—it could also help protect the brain in people living with Parkinson’s disease. Dr. Sudhir Kumar, a Hyderabad-based neurologist trained at CMC Vellore, highlighted new research published in Clinical Neurophysiology (2025), which shows that regular cycling can significantly benefit patients with Parkinson’s. “Cycling is not only fun and effective but also a powerful way to support movement, mood, and overall quality of life,” he said. The study observed patients with Parkinson’s who used deep-brain stimulation devices while training on specialized stationary bikes. These bikes either assisted or resisted pedaling, maintaining a steady pace of around 80 revolutions per minute for half an hour, several times weekly. Within weeks, participants showed improved brain activity related to motor control—evidence of enhanced neuroplasticity, the brain’s ability to form new connections. According to Dr. Kumar, cycling helps beyond building muscle strength. Regular aerobic exercise can ease hallmark symptoms of Parkinson’s—such as tremors, stiffness, and slow movement—while also improving balance, posture, and reducing risks of freezing of gait. Additionally, it may slow disease progression by boosting protective brain chemicals like BDNF, which support neuron survival and repair. Practical advice for patients: Stationary or motor-assisted bikes are the safest options; outdoor cycling may be considered if balance is stable, with proper precautions. Target 30 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous cycling at least three times a week. Complement cycling with strength training, yoga or tai chi for balance, and stretching for flexibility. “Movement truly is medicine,” Dr. Kumar said, underscoring that each pedal stroke is more than exercise—it’s a step toward rewiring the brain for improved control, strength, and independence. What is Parkinson’s Disease? Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurological disorder caused by the loss of dopamine-producing nerve cells in the substantia nigra region of the brain. Dopamine is critical for smooth, coordinated movement. By the time symptoms appear, 60–80% of these neurons are typically damaged or lost. In addition to dopamine loss, Parkinson’s also affects norepinephrine-producing cells, which regulate automatic body functions, explaining fatigue, blood pressure fluctuations, and other non-motor issues. Clumps of a protein called alpha-synuclein (Lewy bodies) are commonly found in affected brain cells, though their exact role in cell death remains under study. Symptoms of Parkinson’s: Motor symptoms: hand tremors, muscle rigidity, slowness of movement (bradykinesia), postural imbalance, and the classic shuffling gait. Non-motor symptoms: depression, anxiety, sleep disturbances, memory decline, urinary problems, speech/swallowing difficulties, muscle pain, fatigue, and sexual dysfunction. Since the condition progresses differently in each patient, early diagnosis and holistic care—including medication, physiotherapy, and lifestyle strategies—play a vital role in maintaining quality of life. Source: Economic Times

Cycling Could Help Slow Parkinson’s Progression, Says Neurologist from CMC Vellore Read More »

AIIMS Gorakhpur to Launch New Academic Courses

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AIIMS Gorakhpur has announced the introduction of several new academic programmes, marking a major step towards academic expansion, advanced medical training, and strengthening research at the institute. The approvals were finalized during the 8th meeting of the Standing Academic Committee. The newly sanctioned courses include DM programmes in neurology, pain medicine, clinical pharmacology, and critical care medicine (under the Department of Anaesthesia, Pain Medicine & Critical Care). Additionally, Post-Doctoral Certificate Courses (PDCC) have been approved in trauma anaesthesia, spine trauma, pelvic-acetabular surgery, and adolescent gynaecology. Significantly, some of these, such as the PDCC in adolescent gynaecology, are the first of their kind in India. A Post-Doctoral Fellowship in maternal-foetal medicine (under the Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology) has also been introduced. Further, new courses like MS in Trauma Surgery, PhD in Nursing, MSc in Nursing Psychology, and BSc in Operation Theatre Technology have been sanctioned. During the meeting, the institute’s Executive Director, Dr. Ashoka Jahnavi Prasad, highlighted the growing concern of student suicides across institutions. He stressed the urgent need for psychological support and preventive interventions. He further noted that launching specialised courses like MSc in Nursing Psychology will help build a stronger mental health workforce and make psychological care more accessible for students and the wider community. Source: TNN

AIIMS Gorakhpur to Launch New Academic Courses Read More »

AIIMS study reveals high prevalence of catheter-related infections in Indian hospitals

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A nationwide study led by the All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, has revealed that bloodstream infections linked to catheter use are widespread in intensive care units (ICUs) across India, with many cases caused by highly drug-resistant microbes. These hospital-acquired infections, known as Central Line-Associated Bloodstream Infections (CLABSI), occur when a catheter inserted into a large vein becomes contaminated. According to estimates published in The Lancet Global Health, Indian ICUs report nearly nine infection events for every 1,000 days a central line remains in use. The AIIMS-led team analysed seven years of data collected by the Indian Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAI) surveillance network, spanning 200 ICUs across 54 hospitals. Between May 2017 and April 2024, the network recorded 8,629 confirmed CLABSI cases, covering more than 3 million patient-days and nearly 1 million central line-days. The pooled CLABSI rate was found to be 8.83 per 1,000 central line-days. The study also observed a spike in infection rates during 2020–21, coinciding with the COVID-19 pandemic. Researchers attributed this surge to overburdened ICUs, staff shortages, and lapses in infection prevention practices. Experts stressed that while CLABSI is preventable, establishing systematic infection surveillance and prevention programs requires significant resources—a major challenge for low- and middle-income countries like India. Nevertheless, the findings mark the first large-scale, standardised surveillance report on CLABSI in India, offering a foundation for healthcare systems to adopt quality improvement measures. Source: PTI Photo Credit: AFP  

AIIMS study reveals high prevalence of catheter-related infections in Indian hospitals Read More »

Breakthrough in Understanding Childhood Immunity to Strep A Could Accelerate Vaccine Development

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A team of scientists has uncovered how young children naturally build immunity against Group A Streptococcus (Strep A), a bacterial infection responsible for up to half a million deaths worldwide each year. The finding could significantly speed up the creation of a life-saving vaccine. Strep A is a common bacterium that can cause mild illnesses like sore throat and skin infections, but in severe cases, it can trigger life-threatening diseases. While deaths from Strep A are rare in wealthier nations, outbreaks can be devastating. In late 2022, a surge in cases across the UK and Europe claimed hundreds of lives, including those of many children. The burden is far greater in low- and middle-income countries, where thousands die annually from the infection. Researchers from the University of Sheffield, working with the Medical Research Council (MRC) Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, tracked how Gambian children acquire natural immunity. Published in Nature Medicine, the study identified specific antibodies linked to protection from Strep A, marking a crucial step toward vaccine design. The team observed that babies are born with some immunity passed down from their mothers, but this protection fades quickly. Young children, however, develop robust antibody responses to different components of the bacteria after repeated exposure. This discovery pinpoints a key window for immune development, which could guide more effective vaccination strategies. Lead researcher Dr. Alex Keeley said this is the first time scientists have seen in humans how antibodies generated through vaccination might prevent Strep A infections. Gambian scientist Fatouamta Camara described the infection’s “devastating burden” on communities and expressed hope that a vaccine could break the cycle of illness and socio-economic hardship. The research was a collaboration between Sheffield’s Florey Institute of Infection and the GSK Vaccine Institute for Global Health. Professor Thushan de Silva, who co-directed the study, emphasised the importance of cross-institutional efforts in delivering impactful global health research. Source: PTI

Breakthrough in Understanding Childhood Immunity to Strep A Could Accelerate Vaccine Development Read More »